1. Substernal epicardial echocardiography: A recommended examination sequence and clinical evaluation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery 
Colin F Royse, MBBS, MD, Alistair G Royse, MBBS, MD, Ajay Bharatula, BMedSci, James Lai, MBChB, FRCA, Michael Veltman, MBBS, FANZCA, Louise Cope, RN, Ajay Kumar, MBBS, FANZCA 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 78, Issue 2, Pages (August 2004)
DOI: /j.athoracsur

2. Fig 1
The substernal epicardial echocardiography cannula is shown inserted through the left rectus sheath and positioned so that the tip lies over the aortic arch and right brachiocephalic artery.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )

3. Fig 2
The 11 views are illustrated in the recommended sequence order. The “probe” drawing to the left of each view illustrates the position of the probe within the cannula. (A = anterior; AL = anterolateral papillary muscle; Arch = aortic arch; AS = anteroseptal; Asc-Ao = ascending aorta; AV = aortic valve; I = inferior; IAS = interatrial septum; IVS = interventricular septum; L = lateral; LA = left atrium; LAX = long axis; LCC = left coronary cusp; LPA = left pulmonary artery; LV = left ventricle; LVOT = left ventricular outflow tract; MPA = main pulmonary artery; MV = mitral valve; NCC = noncoronary cusp; P = posterior; Pap = papillary muscle; PM = posteromedial papillary muscle; Pulm-Art = pulmonary artery; PV = pulmonary valve; RA = right atrium; RCC = right coronary cusp; RPA = right pulmonary artery; RV = right ventricle; RVOT = right ventricular outflow tract; S = septal; SAX = short axis; SLTV = septal leaflet of tricuspid valve; ST-Junct = sinotubular junction; SV = sinus of Valsalva; TV = tricuspid valve.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )

4. Fig 3 The mid-SAX (short-axis) view is shown at end diastole.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )