1. NARRATIVE TENSES

2. When we narrate a story, we use different tenses such as:
PAST SIMPLE
PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT

3. We use narrative tenses when telling a story, or talking about situations and activities which happened at a past time.
When telling past events, DO NOT mix past and present tenses

4. I went to school every day when I was a teenager.
1-.PAST SIMPLE TENSE
1.1.USES:
to express a completed action at a definite time in the past
I woke up at half past seven yesterday, I had a shower and got dressed. I didn’t have breakfast. I went to school at eight o’clock.
to express past habits.
I went to school every day when I was a teenager.

5. 1.2. FORM: 1.2.1. Affirmative: a) Regular verbs: infinitive + “-ed”
want> wanted
Verbs ending with – e: infinitive+ “-d”
change> changed
Verbs ending with consonant+ “y”: change “y” to “i”.
study> studied
Verbs ending in “c+v+ c” pattern in stressed syllables (exceptions: w, y, x): we double the consonant
stop>stopped
b) Irregular verbs: 2nd column irregular verbs list
break> broke

6. Negative:
Subject+ DIDN’T + infinitive form of the verb (both regular and irregular)
I didn’t want to dance
I didn’t buy a new house
!!!!! VERB TO BE
Subject+ WASN’T/ WEREN’T (we don’t need the auxiliary DO)
She wasn’t a doctor
They keys weren’t on the table.

7. 1. 2. 3. Interrogative: DID+ subject+ infinitive form of the verb
Interrogative: DID+ subject+ infinitive form of the verb...? (both regular and irregular) Did they learn English? Did you play tennis? !!!!! VERB TO BE WAS/ WERE + subject...? (we don’t need the auxiliary DO) Was she your sister? Were your friends at school?

8. The day before yesterday In 1996 Last...
1.3. PAST SIMPLE TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
In 1996
Last...
Last week, last month, last year,...
Nº + period+ ago
Two weeks ago, one month ago, ten years ago, ...

9. 2-.PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
2.1. USES:
To talk about an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past.
At 1 o’clock in the morning, I was sleeping.
To refer to a past action which was in progress when an other action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in progress (longer action) and the past simple for the action which interrupted the longer action.
I was having a shower when I fell down.

10. When referring to two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past.
My father was reading the newspaper while my mother was watching TV.
To give background information in a story
The sun was shining and the birds were chirping happily as I was walking to school.

11. 2.2. FORM: Affirmative: Subject+ WAS/WERE+ Verb_ING She was driving the car They were drinking coffee Negative: Subject+ WASN’T/ WEREN’T+ Verb_ING The kids weren’t learning English The child wasn’t eating an apple Interrogative: WAS/WERE+ Subject+ Verb_ING...? Were they playing cards? Was she listening to music?

12. 2.3. WHILE and WHEN While We use it to join two continuous actions happening at the same time. I was recording a video while my husband was working. When We use it when there is a short action which interrupts the longer one. I was driving home when I saw an accident.

13. 3-. PAST PERFECT
3.1. USES:
To go back to a second past. We use it to talk about things that had already happened before that specific time in the past.
I got to the party late. When I arrived there, everybody had already left.

14. 3.2. FORM: Affirmative: Subject+ HAD+ Past participle ( Regular verbs:-ed/ Irregular verbs: 3rd column) She had already left when her parents arrived Negative: Subject+ HADN’T+ Past participle ( Regular verbs:-ed/ Irregular verbs: 3rd column) She hadn’t asked a question before the day of the exam Interrogative: HAD+ Subject+ Past participle ( Regular verbs:-ed/ Irregular verbs: 3rd column) Had you finished the test before the bell rang?

15. 3.3. TIME EXPRESSIONS USED IN PERFECT TENSES
ALREADY (Ja): Between the auxiliary and past participle.
The teacher had already left when her stuents arrived.
FOR (durant): FOR+ period
They had been fighting for more than 10 years.
SINCE (des de): SINCE +specific moment
He had been President since 1999.
YET (encara): at the end of the sentence.
They hadn’t arrived yet.
JUST (acabar de ): Between the auxiliary and past participle.
The teacher had just left when her stuents arrived.

16. 3.4. COMBINING PAST PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE USING TIME EXPRESSIONS We use AFTER, AS SOON AS, THE MOMENT THAT, UNTIL before the past perfect tense. I didn’t say anything until she had finished talking. We use BEFORE, WHEN, BY THE TIME before the past simple tense By the time she phoned him, he had found someone new.