2. Pick two or more images below and describe how they may be connected
Pick two or more images below and describe how they may be connected. Put your answer in your notebook under the title: Images

3. Title: LAWS – Mummar’s Punshment
Subtitle: Why do communities
need laws?
Directions: Copy the
above titles & read along
with Mr. F as we create
a hypothetical situation
to help understand this
important question.

4. Mummar’s Punishment
Does the King’s decision represent Justice or Revenge?
Should laws promote good behavior or punish bad?
Do all communities need laws for guidance?
Does Mummar’s punishment fit the crime?

5. Classwork: Hammurabi’s Code
Directions: Read about Ham’s Code of laws then answer the 5 questions at the end of the reading in your notebook – use evidence!

6. Title: Discussion Q’s: The Code of Hammurabi
1. What evidence in the Code of Hammurabi indicates that Babylonian justice was based on an individual’s social class?
Possible Answers (you only need one): Babylonian justice was definitely based on your social class or how important you were in their society. Evidence for this includes:
Law #8 – In this law, it gives higher penalties to a thief who “has stolen… from the palace” than if a thief stole from a commoner. (x30 & x10) This shows higher penalties stealing from higher class people – like the palace.
Law # 15 – In this law, helping a slave was a capital offence – “put to death.” Having such a strict penalty for helping slaves shows justice was based on social class.
Law #110 – In this law, if a woman of god enters a wine shop (a bar) she will be burned to death! This shows women were a lower class than men.

7. 2. How did the code tend to punish crimes against property?
Possible Answer: The criminal or negligent person had to make amends (pay it back or fix it) and it was usually much more than the original cost.
Ex: Law #21 Criminal killed and walled into the broken house he robbed!
Ex: Law #8 paying x10 the cost of a stolen farm animal.
Ex: Law #129 work off debt for 3 years!

8. 3. How did the code tend to punish crimes against persons?
Possible Answer: Crimes against persons were usually punished by death if the criminal could not pay a fine.
Ex: Law #1 Don’t charge someone with murder if you cannot prove it. This kept people from flooding the court with allegations with no proof (something that gets thrown out of our courts today).
Ex: Law #8 “If the thief cannot pay, he shall be put to death. This also shows that the code favored the rich.

9. 4. Why was the Code carved onto a stone pillar?
Possible Answer: Laws were “written in stone” and permanent, on display, no excuse not knowing the rules, punishment now = justice! (not revenge)
Why do teachers post their homework?

10. 5. How does the code of Hammurabi compare to today’s laws?
Possible answer: Today’s laws are not as harsh, (for example it is rare to see the death penalty), and should not discriminate based on social status or gender or any other personal differences (ideally). Our laws today attempt to treat all citizens equally.
The Bill of Rights in the US Constitution outlines civil rights guaranteed ALL US CITIZENS.
Freedom of Religion, Speech, the press, and to PEACEFULLY ASSEMBLE.
The right to bear arms.

11. Copy these 2 Quick notes: 1
Copy these 2 Quick notes: 1. King Hammurabi became king of Babylon in 1792 BC and expanded his kingdom into an Empire by conquering his neighbors, he created a set of rules to help him govern the many different people under his rule. 2. Hammurabi’s Code of laws is a list of 282 laws governing all aspects of Ancient Babylonian society. It is most famous as the origin of the expression “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.” (#196 & #200)
The Preamble of the Code says: “To bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak.”

12. 10/17 Class Notes: I. Why are written laws important?
WRITTEN LAWS Provide a sense of order and justice IN A SOCIETY:
 Justice = fairness. If a person knew the penalty and broke the law anyway then the punishment = justice.
Laws provide guidelines on how we should behave. Guidelines for proper behavior = order (the opposite is chaos & anarchy).
Laws provides security knowing criminals will be punished.

13. 2. WRITTEN LAWS Limit a Ruler’s POWER and helps protect the rights of the common person (you & me)!
Written laws are more permanent (“written in stone”), so a king/ruler can’t change the rules on a whim (Doing something on a whim = doing something b/c you just feel like it & not thinking about the consequence!).
People know the rules and the punishments, people live peacefully because they do not want the consequences for being bad = justice & order.

14. II. The Impact of Hammurabi’s Empire (why he’s important)
Babylon became the new cultural center of the Middle East for centuries, people would look to Babylon for leadership and ideas.
His Most Important Idea: WRITTEN LAWS!

15. III. Who was King Hammurabi?
A Babylonian King who ruled Babylon and its surrounding territory from B.C.
During his reign he conquered much of Mesopotamia making him ruler of an Empire.
An Empire unites many previously independent peoples under one government.
Hammurabi needed a code of laws to help run his Empire.

16. IV. Hammurabi’s Code
Hammurabi’s code is the code of laws created by King Hammurabi of Babylon in 1750 BC.
This Code of Laws had a huge cultural impact on the region known today as the Fertile Crescent.
It is famous for “an eye for an eye” but was less harsh than other law codes of the day.
It demonstrated that Hammurabi was concerned for his subjects, that he wanted to be just, and for his people to live well.
The code reflects the culture of the day:
Patriarchal: male dominated – women were not equal (P = “papa”)
Note: A Matriarchal society is one in which the Women had more power & influence. (M = “mama”)
Wealthy citizens having more rights than poor. ($ = Power)

17. V. PRIMARY vs. Secondary
Primary Sources are from the actual time period you are studying.
Ex: Hammurabi’s Code
Secondary Sources are written after the event or time period by someone who was not present/alive at the time.
Ex: Your textbook.
Which is Better? Primary? or Secondary?
When answering questions about Primary or secondary sources you NEED to SHOW HOW YOU KNOW.
You do this by USING DOCUMENT EVIDENCE.

18. VI. Do you think Hammurabi’s Code is a RELIABLE source?
Write the answers to the following questions in your notes :
What does the word reliable mean to you?
Maybe something you can count on – correct / or right?
Are all primary sources reliable?
It depends on what you need, if you want information about laws in ancient Babylon then Hammurbi’s Code is very reliable. BUT if you want information about laws in China, Ham’s code would not be reliable.
Primary sources also often contain bias.
2. What is Bias?
Bias is deliberately favoring one side of an issue. When analyzing primary sources always consider the context of the event and the author’s point of view – these are sources of Bias.