1. And Vocabulary Bell Ringer
Bell Ringer Question: In what ways does the government enforce moral behavior?
BIG IDEA: During the 1920s, clashes between traditional and modern values shook the United States
Content Vocabulary
Nativism
Palmer Raids
Red Scare
Fundamentalism
National Origins Act
Sacco and Vanzetti
JT Scopes
Academic Vocab
Clash
Racism
Analyze

3. The 1920s were a prosperous $$$ time for the United States.
True or False
The 1920s were a prosperous $$$ time for the United States.

4. The 1920’s was the start of racism declining in America
True or False
The 1920’s was the start of racism declining in America

5. Crime in the 1920s declined due to the increased prosperity.
True or False
Crime in the 1920s declined due to the increased prosperity.

6. True or False
Many young women of the 1920s were frowned upon because of their partying ways.

7. What old vocabulary word do we think of when we see his picture????
Post War Society
After World War I was over, the United States was going through a sort of identity crisis.
What did it mean to be “American”?
Immigrants from outside the U.S. and many African Americans were faced with resistance as the fear of outsiders grew.
What old vocabulary word do we think of when we see his picture????

8. Racism
Racism

9. Nativism Nativism Resurges
The 1920s began with an increase of anti-immigration and racist feeling, fueled by an economic recession and the arrival of immigrants
Nativism- a preference for native-born people and the desire to limit immigration. 9

10. Racial Unrest
The Great Migration had brought many blacks to the north.
Racism contributed to over 20 race riots that broke out across the nation during the summer of 1919 when the soldiers returned from war.
Worst violence occurred in Chicago, where fighting at a whites only beach spread into white and black neighborhoods leaving 38 people dead.
Play at 1:08

11. WHY? Racism Increases
In the 1920s, racism and nativism increased. Immigrants and demobilized military men and women competed for the same jobs during a time of high unemployment and an increased cost of living.

12. Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Ethnic prejudice was the basis of the Sacco and Vanzetti case,
2 immigrant men were accused of murder and theft.
They were thought to be anarchists, or opposed to all forms of government.
Sacco and Vanzetti were sentenced to death, and in 1927 they were executed still proclaiming their innocence.

13. The “Perfect American Child”
^ WHITE
CONTEST

14. EUGENICS Testing
Nativists used the idea of eugenics, the false science of the improvement of hereditary traits, to give support to their arguments against immigration.
Nativists emphasized that human inequalities were inherited and said that inferior people should not be allowed to breed.
This added to the anti-immigrant feeling of the time and further promoted the idea of strict immigrant control.

15. Are you fit to have children?
Less than a 2.5 GPA
Have ever received a D
Have an IEP, 504 plan, or have had TSST
English Language Learner
ADD/ADHD
Dyslexic
Someone in your family has a mental disability (depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, other)
Addict in your family

16. From 1906 onward, at least 60,000 Americans were sterilized against their will. California and Virginia lead the nation in the number of sterilizations per state. The legal basis for these forced sterilizations was the so called science of Eugenics.

17. Parade!!!!
KKK MARCH!

18. Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) led the movement to restrict immigration. This new Klan not only targeted the freed African Americans but also Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and other groups believed to have “un-American” values.
Because of a publicity campaign, by 1924 the Ku Klux Klan had over 4 million members and stretched beyond the South into Northern cities.
MEMBERSHIP: was open to native-born, white, Protestant males, 16 years of age or older.
WHO THEY HATED: Blacks, Roman Catholics, Jews, all non-Protestants, liberals, & unionists
TACTICS: Burned crosses to frighten its victims. Masked Ku Klux Klansmen marched through the streets of many communities, carrying placards threatening various persons with summary punishment and warning others to leave town. Many persons were kidnapped, flogged, and mutilated by the Ku Klux Klan; a number were lynched or murdered.

19. National Origins Act Emergency Quota Act- 3% quota
National Origins Act of 1924 limited immigration to 2 percent of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the United States.
This restricted immigrants from southern and eastern Europe. The act exempted immigrants from the Western Hemisphere (Latin America & Canada) from the quotas.

21. Racism in the US Increases
Quotas & limitations on immigration are put into place. S. & E. Europeans effected the most
People begin to link radical ideas and communism to immigrants
Rise of Nativism in the United States
Increase in
KKK membership

22. Checking for Understanding
What is a nativist?
Some who is a native born American, wants to limit immigration to the US

23. Why did race riots break out when soldiers returned home from the war?
Checking for Understanding
Why did race riots break out when soldiers returned home from the war?
Due to competition for jobs (African Americans were now in their old jobs)

24. Checking for Understanding
Why was there an increase in KKK membership during the 20s?
Wanted to limit immigration due to competition for jobs

25. Checking for Understanding
Due to anti-immigrant feelings the government passed what act to limit immigration?
National Origins Act

27. Red Scare
A fear of Communist subversion in the US led to people began to link radical and dangerous ideas with immigrants.
Americans began to call for limitations to be placed on immigration
Americans began to believe all the strikes happening in 1919 were related to the spread of communism.
Because Russia had pulled out of the war and “helped” Germany, Americans associated communism with being unpatriotic and disloyal.
If communists could seize and entire, huge nation like Russia, could the US be next?!

28. A. Mitchell Palmer
In June 1919, eight bombs in eight different cities all exploded within minutes of each other suggesting a nationwide conspiracy.
One of the bombs damaged the home of A. Mitchell Palmer, the US Attorney General in Wash, D.C.
Many people believed the bombs were planted by communists who wanted to destroy America.

29. Palmer Raids
Due to a fear of a communist uprising the U.S. government, began making mass arrests based off little evidence in the fall of 1919.

30. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Palmer created the General Intelligence Division (which became the FBI) headed by J. Edgar Hoover.
Although the evidence did not implicated anyone, Palmer’s agents deported around 500 immigrants he considered “radicals.”
US agents did not use search warrants, did not allow attorneys, and denied basic rights.

31. What was the Red Scare a reaction to?
Checking for Understanding
What was the Red Scare a reaction to?
Communist influence in the United States

32. The Palmer Raids targeted what group of people?
Checking for Understanding
The Palmer Raids targeted what group of people?
immigrants

33. Checking for Understanding
What Organization was created in to protect peoples constitutional rights?
ACLU

34. Fundamentalist Movements
Conservative Christians struggled to maintain their beliefs and the beliefs of their children in the face of the 1920s culture of consumerism, changing gender roles, the teaching of evolution, and the influence of mass media.
Fundamentalist Movements

35. Science & Religion Clash
What was Fundamentalism and what impact did it have on America?
Fundamentalism – movement based on literal interpretation of Bible
Fundamentalists skeptical of some scientific discoveries & theories
- Rejected theory of evolution
Believed all important knowledge could be found in Bible VS

37. What are your views on
the subject?
Creationism
Evolution

38. Scopes Trial Scopes "Monkey" Trial
In 1925 Tennessee passed the Butler Act, which made it illegal to teach anything that denied creationism and taught evolution instead.
John T. Scopes, a biology teacher, volunteered to test the Butler Act by teaching evolution in his class.
Scopes "Monkey" Trial

39. William Jennings Bryan
Clarence Darrow

40. The Scopes Monkey Trial
Directions: The Scopes Monkey Trial was marked by a carnival-like atmosphere with thousands of people swelling the small town. As you read through the transcription below, imagine that you are a spectator at the trial and in the midst of the mania. Discuss with a partner which side would you root for and explain why.
Transcript
Darrow: Do you claim that everything in the Bible should be literally interpreted?
Bryan: I believe that everything in the Bible should be accepted as it is given there; some of the Bible is illustrative. For instance: “Ye are the salt of the Earth.” I would not insist that a man was actually salt, or that his flesh is made out of salt, but is used in the sense of salt as saving God’s people.
Darrow: Now, you say, the big fish swallowed Jonah, and he there remained how long—three days—and then he spewed him upon the land. Do you believe that he made such a fish and that it was big enough to swallow Jonah?
Bryan: Yes sir, one miracle is just as easy to believe as another. The Bible does not make extreme statements, as do evolutionists.
Darrow: The Bible says that Joshua commanded the sun to stand still for the purpose of lengthening the day. Do you believe that Joshua made the sun stand still?
Bryan: I do.
Darrow: Do you believe at that time the entire sun went around the earth?
Bryan: No
Darrow: Have you ever pondered what would naturally happen to the earth if it stood still suddenly?
Darrow: Don’t you know it would have been converted into a molten mass of matter?
Bryan: I would want to hear expert testimony on that.
Darrow: Do you believe that Eve was literally made out of Adam’s rib?
Darrow: If in the beginning there was only Adam and Eve and then Cain and Abel, where did Cain get his wife?
Bryan: I cannot say.
Bryan: Your honor. I think I can shorten this testimony. The only purpose Mr. Darrow has is to slur at the Bible, but I will answer his question. I will answer it all at once, and I have no objection in the world, I want the world to know that this man, who does not believe in God, is trying to use a court in Tennessee-
Darrow: I object to that.
Bryan: (Continuing) to slur at it, and while it will require time; I am willing to take it.
Darrow: I object to your statement. I am examining you on your fool ideas that no intelligent Christian on earth believes.
Background about the case:
In the summer of 1925, a young schoolteacher named John Scopes stood trial in Dayton, Tennessee, for violating the state law against the teaching of evolution. Two of the country's most famous attorneys faced off in the trial: William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow. Not a Biblical literalist, Bryan was aware of serious scientific difficulties with Darwinism, such as Darwin's theory that slight, random variations were enough to generate life from non-life to produce a vast array of biological species. But Bryan mistook the lack of consensus about the mechanisms that Darwin advanced to explain the evolutionary process for a lack of scientific support for the concept of evolution itself.
Scopes was convicted and fined $100. However, the conviction was thrown out on a technicality by the Tennessee Supreme Court.
The Scopes Trial is one of the best known court cases in American history because it symbolizes the conflict between science and theology, faith and reason, individual liberty and majority rule. The object of intense publicity, the trial was seen as a clash between urban sophistication and rural fundamentalism.

41. Scopes Trial
After being arrested and put on trial, Scopes was found guilty, but the case was later overturned.
After the trial, many fundamentalists withdrew from political activism.

42. Checking for Understanding
What is fundamentalism?
movement based on literal interpretation of Bible

43. Checking for Understanding
What did the Butler Act make illegal?
illegal to teach anything that denied creationism and taught evolution instead.

44. Checking for Understanding
Who challenged the Butler act and was found guilty?
John T. Scopes
(Scopes Monkey Trail)