1. From Victim to Survivor An introduction to working with men and boys survivors of sexual violence in conflict Chris Dolan & Onen David Refugee Law Project Workshop for Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict 10 June 2014

2. Outline of Workshop Introductions 1.30 – 1.45 Plenary Brainstorm: Challenges of working with male survivors? 1.45 – 2.15 Presentation 1: Myths, Forms, Commonalities and Distinctions, Political Economy or Personal Psychology? 2.15 – 2.45 Plenary Discussion 2.45 – 3.05 Presentation 2: From Case Identification to International Lobbying & Advocacy 3.05 – 3.25 Plenary Discussion 3.25 – 3.50 What do we take away from the session? 3.50-4.00

3. Presentation 1: Myths, Forms, Commonalities and Distinctions, Political Economy or Personal Psychology?

4. Some common prevailing assumptions about rape of men and what they tell us about its gendered nature Men cannot be raped “Real” men can defend themselves against rape The male victim is turned into a homosexual Only gay men are victims and/or perpetrators Gays and bisexuals deserve to be raped Male rape only happens in prisons A woman cannot sexually assault a man A man whose body responds to rape (e.g. he erects) must have wanted it Men are not affected by rape (or not as much as women) A man who has been raped becomes a woman A man who has been raped cannot father children The only form of sexual violence against men is anal rape Any refugee who claims he has been raped is just looking for resettlement Levels of rape of men are so low as not to warrant attention The rape of men is not a gender based crime A man who rapes a woman cannot be a victim

5. The Forms Sexual Violence Against Men can take In addition to anal rape, victims/survivors also mention: -b-being gang-raped by captors -h-having ropes tied to the genitalia and being pulled around by this rope -l-linking two men using ropes tied to their genitalia and making them walk in opposite directions -b-being made to dig holes in the ground, or in trees, and then to rub themselves in that hole to the point of ejaculation -b-being forced to have anal or oral sex with fellow detainees, or with brothers, or fathers -b-being forced into sexual acts while being watched by their own children and spouses -b-being used as a mattress while soldiers rape their family members on top of them -b-being held for lengthy periods of time as sexual slaves -h-having electric wires attached to the genitalia We need to stop thinking that it is only or all about anal rape We need to be aware of direct and “indirect” (some of)

6. Sexual Violence In Conflict Physical Damage (e.g. Fistula) Infection (e.g. STIs, HIV) Depression Family issues Partner/Husband Children Parents/Siblings “Indirect” Trauma Community Shaming Woman as ‘useless’: “Whore” Beating Distancing/ Neglect Eviction Forced Relations Child of rape Domestic Violence in Peace

7. Sexual Violence In Conflict Physical Damage (e.g. Fissures) Castration Infection (e.g. STIs, HIV) Depression Family issues Partner/Wife Children Parents/Siblings “Indirect” Trauma Community Shaming Man as ‘useless’: “Gay” (not earning, not protecting) Beating (perp/victim ) Distancing/ Neglect Abandonmen t Social Humiliation No respect from children No attention to children Domestic Violence in Peace Impotence Gender Challenge - Emasculation Sexuality Challenge “Homosexual” VICTIM PERPETRATOR ECONOMIC Challenge – physical sequelae

8. What differentiates Sexual Violence on Men and Boys during Conflict from Sexual Abuse of Boys and Men in ‘peace’time ? Conflict“Peace” Time Public Common Pain, Suffering Private/Secret psycho-sexually & Socially more maturepsycho-sexually & socially immature Enemy Perpetrator ‘Friendly’ Abuser (friend, family member, respected authority figure, etc

9. Forced to Perpetrate Just as we know about people being forced by armed groups to kill (notoriously, the LRA), and just as this is explained as demonstrating a particular psychological logic on the part of those forcing others to kill (e.g. to stop new abductees from being able to go home), why do we not hear more about people who are forced to commit acts of sexual violence, and the underlying logic of that?

11. Plenary discussion

12. Presentation 2: From Case Identification to International Lobbying & Advocacy

13. Calls from SGBVP Hotline Police & Prison officers Support Groups Community leaders Oral & written referrals Other Government agencies Partner organisations International referrals Spouses, relatives and friends Media agencies Refugee Law Project Screening (A&I) Positive for SGBV experienceNegative for SGBV experience Case Identification Direct walk-in clients

14. Mental health & Psychosocial support Referral for medical support Post Exposure Prophylaxis Emergency contraceptive support Hope building & recovery Access to Justice support Police & Prison follow ups Preparing legal documents Court watch briefs Language Interpretation in courts Actual court representation ADR where applicable & on clients interest Examination by Police surgeons Screen Positive for SGBV experience Preparation for physical & psychological recovery

15. Progress & recovery check Documentation of case & story In-depth interview Resettlement referral where applicable Verify recovery (physical & Psychological) Family support upon request Couple and family counseling Home based care and support Couple & Family referral for medical support Actual court representation Testimony taking Address pending challenges Camera interview where needed Evaluation of medical & legal referral and notes

16. Referral to support group (individual support continues) Unity & peace building Safe social space Psychosocial, moral & practical support Creating alternative support system/networks Restoration of self esteem and human dignity Collective voice Needs identification & referrals Acquisition of life & technical skills

17. Mental health & Psychosocial support Referral for medical support Access to Justice support From direct support to attitudinal change Referral to support group Progress & recovery check Documentation of case & story Family support upon request Medical & Legal students Community intervention Awareness raising Community video screening Information session Community leaders Police and Prison training Faith based leaders National & International advocacy & Lobbying MSSAT, FSC UNHCR Christian Aid, Plan, War Child ORAM UNSRSG UCB IHRLC JHSHP BuzzFeed BBC World Service WBS, UGA Radio Network, NBS Al Jaz IRIN HuffPost NTV

18. Thank you for listening Contacts: Chris Dolan, Director dir@refugeelawproject.org Onen David, Programme Manager Gender & Sexuality Programme gender@refugeelawproject.org

19. Plenary discussion