1. Chapter 22 Sampling in Qualitative Research

2. Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Qualitative samples tend to be large, random, and intensively studied.

3. Answer
False Qualitative samples tend to be small, nonrandom, and intensively studied.

4. Methods of Sampling in Qualitative Research
Convenience (volunteer) sampling
Snowball sampling
Theoretical sampling
Purposive sampling

5. Question What is homogeneous sampling? Deliberately reducing variation
Selecting cases that illustrate what is typical
Selecting the most unusual or extreme cases
Selecting cases that are intense but not extreme

6. Answer
A Homogeneous sampling (deliberately reducing variation), typical case sampling (selecting cases that illustrate what is typical), extreme case sampling (selecting the most unusual or extreme cases), and intensity sampling (selecting cases that are intense but not extreme)

7. Purposive Sampling
Sampling for representativeness or comparative value
Sampling special or unique cases
Sampling sequentially

8. Representativeness or Comparative Value
Maximum variation sampling
Homogeneous sampling
Typical case sampling
Extreme case sampling
Intensity sampling
Stratified purposive sampling
Reputational case sampling

9. Purposive Sampling Special Cases
Critical case sampling
Criterion sampling
Revelatory case sampling
Sampling politically important cases

10. Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Theory-based sampling is adding new cases based on changes in research circumstances or in response to new leads that develop in the field.

11. Answer
False Theory-based sampling is selecting cases on the basis of their representation of important, whereas constructs opportunistic sampling is adding new cases based on changes in research circumstances or in response to new leads that develop in the field.

12. Purposive Sequential Category
Theory-based sampling
Opportunistic sampling
Sampling confirming and disconfirming cases

13. Sample Size in Qualitative Research
No explicit, formal criteria
Sample size determined by informational needs
Decisions to stop sampling guided by data saturation
Data quality can affect sample size.

14. Sampling in the Three Main Qualitative Traditions
Ethnography
Mingling with many members of the culture
Informal conversations with 25 to 50 informants
Multiple interviews with smaller number of key informants

15. Sampling in the Three Main Qualitative Traditions (cont.)
Phenomenology
Relies on very small samples (often 10 or fewer)
Participants must have experienced phenomenon of interest.

16. Sampling in the Three Main Qualitative Traditions (cont.)
Grounded theory
Typically involves samples of 20 to 30 people
Selection of participants who can best contribute to emerging theory (usually theoretical sampling)

17. Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Analytic generalization occurs when researchers strive to generalize from particulars to a broader conceptualizations and theories.

18. Answer
True Analytic generalization occurs when researchers strive to generalize from particulars to a broader conceptualizations and theories.

19. Generalizability Controversial issue Researchers find findings:
Relevant
Meaningful

20. Two Models
Analytic generalization: Researchers strive to generalize from particulars to a broader conceptualizations and theories.
Transferability involves judgments about whether findings from an inquiry can be extrapolated to a different setting or group of people.
Transferability has close connections to the proximal similarity model that involves a conceptualization about which contexts are more or less like the one in the study in terms of a gradient of similarity for people, settings, times, and contexts.