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Kingdom Protista eukaryotic mostly unicellular
autotrophic and heterotrophic (some can be both at the same time) has become the “catch-all” kingdom and is the most diverse structurally 2 basic groups Algae Protozoans
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Phylum Chlorophyta Green Algae
Mostly aquatic-freshwater and marine, some terrestrial May be unicellular, multicellular,even colonial Reproduce sexually and asexually
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Volvox: a colonial alga
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Phylum Phaeophyta Brown Algae Multicellular
Marine; usually found in colder waters Body parts include a blade, stipe, and holdfast Most brown algae contain a mucilaginous material which prevents them from drying out when they are exposed at low tide; these guys are very tough! Of economic importance: used for food (when dried) and as fertilizer (oh, by the way, it’s in ice cream too!)
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Phylum Rodophyta Red Algae Mostly in warm marine environment
Multicellular Smaller and more delicate that brown algae Of economic importance: a source of agar (remember that stuff ?), in cosmetics and in the food industry for thickeners
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Phylum Bacillariophyta
Golden Algae (Diatoms) Unicellular The organism sits inside a shell made of silica They are major photosynthesizers due to their sheer numbers Serve as a major component to the ocean food chain Of economic importance as abrasives, diatomaceaous earth for pool filters
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Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellates Unicellular
Protected by cellulose plates Most have two flagella one which is used for locomotion Some species are responsible for causing “red tides” when the environmental conditions are correct
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RED TIDE
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Phylum Euglenophyta Freshwater Unicellular
Autotrophic and heterotrophic (some can switch back and forth!) Have an eyespot to detect light Possess a long flagellum for locomotion (This group is a mix of plant and animal characteristics rolled into one organism!)
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Flagella Eye spot Main nucleus Chloroplasts Cell membrane Flagella attachment point Small nucleus 8. Water vacuole
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The Protozoans Unicellular (but each cell carries out all of the functions which are performed by specialized tissues in multicellular organisms) Motile (this means they can move) Heterotrophic Divided into phyla based on what they use for locomotion
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Breakdown of Protozoan Phyla
Name Locomotion Example Amoeboids Pseudopods Amoeba Ciliates Cilia Paramecium Zooflagellates Flagella Trypanosoma Sporozoans None as adults Plasmodium
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Amoeboids: Phylum Sarcodina
Move by using pseudopods, which are extensions of the cytoplasm Feed by engulfing prey whole: phagocytosis Possess contractile vacuoles which pump out excess water as it is constantly entering the cell of this organism
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Amoeba proteus
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Zooflagellates: Phylum Zoomastigophora
Move by means of flagella Many of these are disease causing to humans causing “hiker’s diarrhea”, African Sleeping Sickness
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S.E.M. of Giardia lamblia showing ventral sucker
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The Typical Ciliate
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The Sporozoans: Phylum Sporozoa
All parasitic No method of locomotion as adults Examples include the microoorganism that causes malaria: Plasmodium
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Slime molds and water molds
Have a phase of their life cycle that is amoeboid-this means they can move from place to place. This structure is called a plasmodium. During reproduction, the plasmodium produces structures which will produce spores. The spores will germinate to produce a new plasmodium. Water molds will decompose dead organisms making the body of the organism they are decomposing look “fuzzy”.
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