1. Kingdom Protista eukaryotic mostly unicellular
autotrophic and heterotrophic (some can be both at the same time)
has become the “catch-all” kingdom and is the most diverse structurally
2 basic groups
Algae
Protozoans

3. Phylum Chlorophyta Green Algae
Mostly aquatic-freshwater and marine, some terrestrial
May be unicellular, multicellular,even colonial
Reproduce sexually and asexually

4. Volvox: a colonial alga

5. Phylum Phaeophyta Brown Algae Multicellular
Marine; usually found in colder waters
Body parts include a blade, stipe, and holdfast
Most brown algae contain a mucilaginous material which prevents them from drying out when they are exposed at low tide; these guys are very tough!
Of economic importance: used for food (when dried) and as fertilizer (oh, by the way, it’s in ice cream too!)

6. Phylum Rodophyta Red Algae Mostly in warm marine environment
Multicellular
Smaller and more delicate that brown algae
Of economic importance: a source of agar (remember that stuff ?), in cosmetics and in the food industry for thickeners

7. Phylum Bacillariophyta
Golden Algae (Diatoms)
Unicellular
The organism sits inside a shell made of silica
They are major photosynthesizers due to their sheer numbers
Serve as a major component to the ocean food chain
Of economic importance as abrasives, diatomaceaous earth for pool filters

9. Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellates Unicellular
Protected by cellulose plates
Most have two flagella one which is used for locomotion
Some species are responsible for causing “red tides” when the environmental conditions are correct

10. RED TIDE

11. Phylum Euglenophyta Freshwater Unicellular
Autotrophic and heterotrophic (some can switch back and forth!)
Have an eyespot to detect light
Possess a long flagellum for locomotion
(This group is a mix of plant and animal characteristics rolled into one organism!)

12. Flagella
Eye spot
Main nucleus
Chloroplasts
Cell membrane
Flagella attachment point
Small nucleus
8. Water vacuole

13. The Protozoans
Unicellular (but each cell carries out all of the functions which are performed by specialized tissues in multicellular organisms)
Motile (this means they can move)
Heterotrophic
Divided into phyla based on what they use for locomotion

14. Breakdown of Protozoan Phyla
Name
Locomotion
Example
Amoeboids
Pseudopods
Amoeba
Ciliates
Cilia
Paramecium
Zooflagellates
Flagella
Trypanosoma
Sporozoans
None as adults
Plasmodium

15. Amoeboids: Phylum Sarcodina
Move by using pseudopods, which are extensions of the cytoplasm
Feed by engulfing prey whole: phagocytosis
Possess contractile vacuoles which pump out excess water as it is constantly entering the cell of this organism

16. Amoeba proteus

17. Zooflagellates: Phylum Zoomastigophora
Move by means of flagella
Many of these are disease causing to humans causing “hiker’s diarrhea”, African Sleeping Sickness

18. S.E.M. of Giardia lamblia showing ventral sucker

20. The Typical Ciliate

21. The Sporozoans: Phylum Sporozoa
All parasitic
No method of locomotion as adults
Examples include the microoorganism that causes malaria: Plasmodium

22. Slime molds and water molds
Have a phase of their life cycle that is amoeboid-this means they can move from place to place. This structure is called a plasmodium.
During reproduction, the plasmodium produces structures which will produce spores.
The spores will germinate to produce a new plasmodium.
Water molds will decompose dead organisms making the body of the organism they are decomposing look “fuzzy”.