2. C++ Programing
Primarily workshop

3. content Introduction on C++ Structure of C++ programing
General
In visual studio
Variables and std
Random numbers
Operators and math.h
Conditional operators
Function declaration
Arrays and strings
Pointers
Object oriented programing
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4. Computer language Machine language
Only language computer directly understands
Defined by hardware design
Machine-dependent
Generally consist of strings of numbers
Ultimately 0s and 1s
Instruct computers to perform elementary operations
One at a time
Cumbersome for humans
Example:
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5. Computer language Assembly language
English-like abbreviations representing elementary computer operations
Clearer to humans
Incomprehensible to computers
Translator programs (assemblers)
Convert to machine language
Example:
LOAD BASEPAY ADD OVERPAY STORE GROSSPAY
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6. Computer language High-level languages
Similar to everyday English, use common mathematical notations
Single statements accomplish substantial tasks
Assembly language requires many instructions to accomplish simple tasks
Translator programs (compilers)
Convert to machine language
Interpreter programs
Directly execute high-level language programs
Example:
grossPay = basePay + overTimePay
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7. History of C History of C Evolved from two other programming languages
BCPL and B
“Typeless” languages
Dennis Ritchie (Bell Laboratories)
Added data typing, other features
Development language of UNIX
Hardware independent
Portable programs
1989: ANSI standard
1990: ANSI and ISO standard published
ANSI/ISO 9899: 1990
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8. History of C++ History of C++ Extension of C
Early 1980s: Bjarne Stroustrup (Bell Laboratories)
Provides capabilities for object-oriented programming
Objects: reusable software components
Model items in real world
Object-oriented programs
Easy to understand, correct and modify
Hybrid language
C-like style
Object-oriented style
Both
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9. Basics of a Typical C++ Environment
C++ systems
Program-development environment
Language
C++ Standard Library
C++ program names extensions
.cpp
.cxx
.cc .C
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10. keywords
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11. STD Standard output stream object Namespace Escape characters
std::cout
“Connected” to screen
<<
Stream insertion operator
Value to right (right operand) inserted into output stream
Namespace
std:: specifies using name that belongs to “namespace” std
std:: removed through use of using statements
Escape characters \
Indicates “special” character output
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12. List of std Common Input/output functions cin cout endl
Standard input stream
Normally keyboard
cout
Standard output stream
Normally computer screen
endl
Standard end stream
Display previous messages in each line
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13. fig01_02.cpp (1 of 1) fig01_02.cpp output (1 of 1)
// Fig. 1.2: fig01_02.cpp
// A first program in C++.
#include <iostream> 4
// function main begins program execution
int main() {
std::cout << "Welcome to C++!\n"; 9
return 0; // indicate that program ended successfully 11
12 } // end function main
Single-line comments.
Function main returns an integer value.
Preprocessor directive to include input/output stream header file <iostream>.
Left brace { begins function body.
fig01_02.cpp (1 of 1) fig01_02.cpp output (1 of 1)
Function main appears exactly once in every C++ program..
Statements end with a semicolon ;.
Corresponding right brace } ends function body.
Name cout belongs to namespace std.
Stream insertion operator.
Keyword return is one of several means to exit function; value 0 indicates program terminated successfully.
Welcome to C++!
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14. Visual Studio
File > new > project > visual c++>win32 console app >next>finish
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15. Structure on v.s Pooriya Gholipoor 13/40
//include headers; these are modules that include functions that you may use in your
//program; we will almost always need to include the header that
// defines cin and cout; the header is called iostream.h
#include <iostream.h>
int main() {
//variable declaration
//read values input from user
//computation and print output to user
return 0; }
After you write a C++ program you compile it; that is, you run a program called compiler that checks whether the program follows the C++ syntax
if it finds errors, it lists them
If there are no errors, it translates the C++ program into a program in machine language which you can execute
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16. Hello world Take a output to review the bases of C++ code
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17. Variables and identifiers
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18. Variable declaration Variables
Location in memory where value can be stored
Common data types
int - integer numbers
char - characters
double - floating point numbers
Declare variables with name and data type before use
int integer1;
int integer2;
int sum;
Can declare several variables of same type in one declaration
Comma-separated list
int integer1, integer2, sum;
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19. fig01_06.cpp (1 of 1) Pooriya Gholipoor 17/40
// Fig. 1.6: fig01_06.cpp
// Addition program.
#include <iostream> 4
// function main begins program execution
int main() {
int integer1; // first number to be input by user
int integer2; // second number to be input by user
int sum; // variable in which sum will be stored 11
std::cout << "Enter first integer\n"; // prompt
std::cin >> integer1; // read an integer 14
std::cout << "Enter second integer\n"; // prompt
std::cin >> integer2; // read an integer 17
sum = integer1 + integer2; // assign result to sum 19
std::cout << "Sum is " << sum << std::endl; // print sum 21
return 0; // indicate that program ended successfully 23
24 } // end function main
fig01_06.cpp (1 of 1)
Declare integer variables.
Use stream extraction operator with standard input stream to obtain user input.
Calculations can be performed in output statements: alternative for lines 18 and 20:
std::cout << "Sum is " << integer1 + integer2 << std::endl;
Stream manipulator std::endl outputs a newline, then “flushes output buffer.”
Concatenating, chaining or cascading stream insertion operations.
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20. Arithmetic Arithmetic calculations * : Multiplication / : Division
Integer division truncates remainder
7 / 5 evaluates to 1
% : Modulus operator returns remainder
7 % 5 evaluates to 2
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21. if
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22. While
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23. Do while
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24. Switch case
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26. Pseudo random number We need this header: We use rand()
Min 0
Max = RAND_MAX is ;
Between 0 to 10:
Out put????
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27. Pseudo random number We use srand to generate new random numbers:
Complete:
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28. enum
It’s a kind of List Box which contains constant variable with numbers that are assigned them.
enum name { const1, const2, …. ,constn };
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29. Array, 1D and 2D int g[N][N] = { {1,1,0,1,1}, //a {1,1,0,0,0}, //b
{0,1,1,0,0}, //c
{0,0,0,1,1}, //d
{0,1,1,0,1 }
};//e
#define N 5
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30. string You need Theas headers: You need Theas stds:
You can declare on this type:
string name;
stringstream name;
Use:
stringstream name << i;
string name = stringstream name .str()
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31. function At first you declare function with your global variables
Output type + name + (argument(s))+;
Then you insert codes inside the function after main code {
codes }
Then you can use it during your main code
name(argument(s));
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32. pointer
What is pointer?
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33. OOP
While Simula is credited as the first object-oriented programming language, the most popular OOP languages are:
Java
JavaScript
Python
C++
Visual Basic .NET
Ruby
Scala
PHP
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34. At The end
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