1. Causes of World War I

2. Objectives
Describe how international rivalries and nationalism pushed Europe toward war.
Explain how the assassination in Sarajevo led to the start of World War I.
Analyze the causes and effects of the European alliance system.

3. entente – a nonbinding agreement to follow common policies
Terms and Places
entente – a nonbinding agreement to follow common policies
militarism – glorification of the military
Alsace and Lorraine – provinces on the border of Germany and France, lost by France to Germany in 1871; regained by France after WWI
ultimatum – a final set of demands
mobilize – to prepare military forces for war
neutrality – supporting neither side in a war 3

4. Why and how did World War I begin in 1914?
By 1914, Europe had enjoyed a century of relative peace. Two alliances were formed with the intention of keeping that peace.
When an Austrian Archduke was assassinated, a local conflict became an international war because of alliance obligations. 4

5. MILITARISM IMPERIALISM ALLIANCES
From 1870 to 1914, a number of developments gradually increased tensions among the European powers that led to the outbreak of World War I
The
MILITARISM
ALLIANCES
IMPERIALISM
NATIONALISM
causes of World War I
While peace and harmony characterized much of Europe at the beginning of the
1900s, there were less visible—and darker—forces at work as well. Below the
surface of peace and goodwill, Europe witnessed several gradual developments
that would ultimately help propel the continent into war.

6. World War I and the Russian Revolution 1914-1920
Chapter 14 Section 1: Causes of World War I
What is militarism?
Why did European nations begin to build up their militaries? M

7. What is an alliance?
What alliance systems took shape before the beginning of World War I? A

9. European powers created alliances in the late nineteenth century to promote peace.
Which country switched sides?
Triple Alliance or _____________
Triple Entente or ___________
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Eventually added:
Ottoman empire
France
Russia
Britain
Japan
Central Powers
Allies
Italy 9

10. What is imperialism?
How did overseas rivalries lead to international tensions? I

11. IMPERIALISM
Germany & France almost went to war three times over Morocco
European nations competed fiercely for colonies in Africa & Asia
England & France argued over rights to the Sudan
Germany, England, Russia argued over building a railroad in India
Competition for colonies often pushed Europeans
to the brink of war
This competition increased European rivalry & mistrust
Another force that helped set the stage for war in Europe was imperialism. As Chapter 27 explained, the nations of Europe competed fiercely for colonies in Africa and Asia. The quest for colonies sometimes pushed European nations to the brink of war. As European countries continued to compete for overseas empires, their sense of rivalry and mistrust of one another deepened.

12. N How did nationalism increase tensions in Europe?
What is nationalism?
How did nationalism increase tensions in Europe? N

13. These alliances were based on previous wars, new economic rivalries, and competition for colonies.
These rivalries increased ___________, which painted war in a romantic light.
The great powers began to increase the size of their armies and navies.
militarism 13

14. Growing nationalism and economic competition also caused tensions within countries and across European borders.
Germany’s industrial advances threatened Britain. Germany feared that Russian industry was catching up to its own.
Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman empire struggled to survive the threat of growing nationalism within their borders. 14

15. _________ sparked tensions all over Europe.
Nationalism
France sought to regain _________________, provinces that it had lost to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War.
Russia supported ___________, which held that all Slavic people, regardless of borders, shared a common nationality.
Several Balkan states fought wars, first against the Ottoman empire, then against one another. The Balkans were called the “powder keg of Europe.”
Alsace and Lorraine
Pan-Slavism

16. What three main countries make up the Triple Alliance?
Which of the four underlying causes (above) does this diagram represent?
What three main countries make up the Triple Alliance?
What three main countries make up the Triple Entente?

18. Sarajevo

19. ________________was heir to the Austrian throne.
An assassination on June 28, 1914, lit the fuse that set off the Balkan powder keg.
________________was heir to the Austrian throne.
While on a visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, he and his wife Sophie were shot to death by a Serbian nationalist.
Archduke Francis Ferdinand 19

20. Austria-Hungary
3. Serbia

21. Russia
Germany

22. Britain

23. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia & its ally Russia
World War 1 Begins
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia & its ally Russia
On August 4, 1914, England declared war on Germany & Austria-Hungary
On August 1, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia
On August 3, 1914, Germany declared war on France
Russia mobilized for war to protect Serbia
Italy backed out of its agreement with Germany & Austria-Hungary…
…and joined the Allies
On July 28,1914, Serbia declined the ultimatum
World War I had begun

24. After the assassination, Serbia and Austria quickly moved toward war.
With the approval of the Kaiser William II of Germany, Austria issued an ________ to Serbia.
ultimatum
Serbia agreed to most of Austria’s demands, but not all of them.
On July 28, 1914, Austria declared war on Serbia.

25. Serbia sought help from its ally Russia, which began to __________.
The war between Austria and Serbia soon drew the great powers into the conflict.
Serbia sought help from its ally Russia, which began to __________.
mobilize
Germany declared war on Russia.
Although Germany warned France to stay out of the conflict, France supported Russia. 25

26. Germany declared war on France.
Days later, Germany marched through Belgium and headed south to attack France.
Britain, which had pledged to defend Belgium’s _________, declared war on Germany on August 4.
neutrality 26

27. Circle the Balkans on the map above in red.
Why was this region considered to be a trouble spot?
How did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand here set off a world war?

28. What two countries do the figures in this cartoon represent?
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
How did the plan bring Britain into the war?
British propaganda showing Belgium defiantly resisting the Schlieffen advance

30. During the war Germany & Austria-Hungary became the Central Powers; They were joined by Bulgaria & the Ottoman Empire
The members of the Triple Entente became known as the Allied Powers and eventually were joined by…

31. Why were young men on both sides eager to fight when World War I Started? (List at least three reasons)

32. At the onset, the war brought a renewed sense of patriotism.
Patriotic fever helped governments divert attention from labor disputes or nationalist disturbances within their borders.
Young men rushed to enlist in what seemed like an exciting adventure.
But this sense of optimism would not last long. 32