1. Introduction to Pesso Boyde System Psychomotor *
Text and Graphics by
Albert Pesso
Published and Distributed by PS Press Strolling Woods on Webster Lake Lake Shore Drive Franklin, New Hampshire (603) /9809
Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor is a method of psychotherapy and
emotional re-education founded by Albert & Diane Boyden Pesso

2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thanks to the Larpin Tarpin Training Group,
Martin Howald and Louisa Howe
for their invaluable editing assistance
And appreciation to
Han Wassenaar for his contribution
of clarifying neuro-biological concepts
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

3. Introduction to peso boyden system psychomotor

4. THE BEGINNING
My wife, Diane Boyden-Pesso, and I were dancers, choreographers and dance teachers
We were mutually absorbed with finding ways to communicate and touch audiences with profound, human realities, using movement
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

5. THE NEXT STEPS We developed exercises to help our dance students:
Be more in touch with their innate motor processes
Connect their emotions directly to their actions to increase authenticity of expression
Become more aware of their responses to the spatial placement of others to increase group interactivity
And as a consequence, become more sensitive to how audiences would be affected by gestures, actions and the spatial placement of performers
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

6. AFTER YEARS OF EXPLORATION
Our exercises helped our students connect with their deepest feelings, memories and longings
We grew more interested in the dance students themselves as emerging individuals
We adapted the exercises and developed new processes to further their personal development
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

7. Fundamental Elements of a New Psychotherapy Crystallized
The following elements were the foundation blocks for this new form of psychotherapy
“Direct Emotion” Expression
“Accommodation” Role-playing
“Ideal Parent” Concept
“Structure” Process
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

8. Direction Emotion - I We taught our students to distinguish between
Three basic movement modalities:
Reflexive Movement
Voluntary Movement
Emotional Movement
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

9. Direction Emotion - II
We instructed our students to move as “purely as possible in each separate movement modality reducing the effect of the other two modalities to a minimum.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

10. Direction Emotion - III
This instruction resulted in an Emotional Movement Modality that resulted in body action which revealed primitive, unconscious, archaic, emotional and instinctual processes. We named that form of expressional
“Direct Emotion”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

11. Accommodation - I
We discovered that the expression of emotional movement by itself without a satisfying response proved ultimately frustrating.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

12. Accommodation - II
We learned that there were innate, satisfying, and “unconsciously longed for” interactional responses for each form of emotional expression.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

13. Accommodation - III
When we are in touch with emotional states which result in the outer expression of inner needs, we are also in touch with interior “information” regarding the shape and nature of those external responses which would satisfy those needs.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

14. Accommodation - IV
Thus, satisfying responses to all emotional needs, are interiorly anticipated and externally sought and are instantly recognizable and acceptable when available and offered by the outside world.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

15. Accommodation - V
We taught our students to provide, in role-play, for one another. Those interactional responses which produced the most satisfaction to the presented emotional expression we called that form of controlled role-play “Accommodation”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

16. “Ideal Parents” - I
Experimenting with “Accommodation” of “Direct Emotion” expression of a wide variety of present and remembered feeling states we developed concepts and practices regarding the outer requirements necessary for the satisfaction of basic developmental needs
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

17. “Ideal Parents” - II
Those “Accommodators” who provided those motoric, auditory and kinesthetic response Which satisfied basic developmental needs at the appropriate age level for the need expressed were named “Ideal Parents”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

18. Structure - I
We, and others, were deeply impressed by the powerfully positive effect these procedures had on our students’ physical and emotional states.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

19. Structure - II
We decided to attend directly to those innate, archaic, unconscious, emotional, transformative processes encountered in our artistic explorations and experimentations and created a new psychotherapeutic form with clear rules and safe procedures.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

20. We developed a group setting where:
Structure - III
We developed a group setting where:
The pains and frustrations of past deficits and abuse could be expressed
Past needs could be symbolically satisfied through accommodation
New, life-enhancing memories and psychological programs could be recorded and internalized.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

21. Structure - IV
We called the period of time an individual would work on their personal process in the group a “Structure”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

22. A New Beginning
We changed the direction of our work from dance to psychotherapy and endeavored to:
Refine, focus and expand the techniques, which led to what is now called Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor Therapy
Enlarge and develop our own knowledge of psychological and developmental processes
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

23. Further Steps
As we and others saw and appreciated the value and range of what we had created, we formed the Psychomotor Institute to:
Develop a curriculum and initiate training programs
Achieve professional recognition and acceptance
Expand the application of the process to more populations
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

24. Now Thirty years after:
Thousands of people receiving the benefits of PBSP
PBSP training programs in 9 countries
Many books and articles already written and more being written
Materials created for more efficient training
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

25. PBSP Viewpoint Develops
This work led to development of a particular set of perspectives about life, as well as a body of theories and techniques
Now begins the description of that world-view and the process of helping people improve their lives with respect to that viewpoint.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

26. From the depts of our being, we long to:
Fundamental Desires
From the depts of our being, we long to:
Connect with our True Self and hunger to:
Taste and enjoy the fruits and rewards of living
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

27. What is the True Self? The True Self is the jewel of
our core – our Soul
connected with our True Self,
we can be in blissful harmony with the center of being
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

28. What do People Long to Enjoy as the Fruits and Reward of Living?
Pleasure
Satisfaction
Meaning
Connectedness
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

29. Considering the Amount of Suffering in the World - I
Is it Possible on Earth?
Can we really attain the bliss and joy of
Union with the True Self
and
Taste the sweet rewards of living – Pleasure, Satisfaction, Meaning and Connectedness in this life?
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

30. Considering the Amount of Suffering in the World - II
Some thinkers have taught that:
True bliss and joy is to be found in the Soul’s literal union with God after death
The fruits and rewards of living are to be anticipated after this life – earned through lessons learned during many lives
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

31. Should We Reserve Those Hopes of Life for Later On?
Should we ascribe those passions and desires
Those deepest longings form our core
To be merely earthly hints and glimpses
Our future lives or the eternal world to come?
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

32. We Reserve Those Hopes for Life
We prefer to think and believe that:
What arises from the depth of our nature
Has biological and evolutionary roots and origins
The answers to life’s passionate longings
Are to be found during this biological existence and not after biological death
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

33. We are only able to long for those states Pre-exists in our genes
Why We Say Yes to Life - I
We are only able to long for those states
because the capacity to recognize, experience and name those states
Pre-exists in our genes
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

34. Why We Say Yes to Life - II
We believe that our genes recording and preserving what leads to life can only support passion and hope for non-living states following profound frustration of genetic necessities during living states
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

35. Why So Few?
If it is in everyone’s genes, why are so many out of touch with their True Self and so many who experience:
Not Pleasure – but Pain?
Not Satisfaction – but Frustration?
Not Meaning – but Despair?
Not Connectedness – but Alienation?
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

36. PBSP Viewpoint We are more likely to become our True Selves and
more likely to achieve the fruits of living:
Pleasure
Satisfaction
Meaning
Connectedness
If we have been reared and have lived
According to the demands of our Genetic Nature
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

37. Opposite is Also True
We are less likely to become our True Selves and less likely to enjoy the fruits of living, but know:
Pain
Frustration
Despair
Alienation
If we have not been reared and have not lived
According to the demands of our Genetic Nature
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

38. How People Become Themselves
Through decades of leading Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor groups we have noted how people act and behave as they strive to improve their lives
From that experience and from extensive reading on the subject of human development, we have come to understand and enumerate those genetic imperatives, which when appropriately attended to, lead to the good life
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

39. Genetic Nature Makes Demands
We are pushed by our Genetic Nature to:
Satisfy Basic Needs - Develop and mature
Integrate and Unify Polarities of Being – Own and harmonize genetic, neurological, sensory-motor, behavioral and symbolic dialectics
Develop Consciousness – Know the meaning of our lives
Develop our “Pilot” – Coordinate what we feel, think, decide and act on
Realize our Uniqueness and Potentiality – Become who we are
Genetic
Nature
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

40. For Optimum Satisfaction
These Needs Must be Met at the Appropriate Developmental Age by the Appropriate Kinship Figures
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

41. Interactions are Needed for Fulfillment
We can most fully satisfy our Genetic Nature in interactions with appropriate others
Therefore, throughout life, we selectively seek contexts and interactions that promise to:
Satisfy basic needs
Assist integration and unification of polarities of being
Support expansion of consciousness
Enhance development of our “Pilot”
Validate and cultivate uniqueness and potentiality
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

42. Unmet Needs Don’t Disappear
The Pressure of Unmet Needs:
Influence and distorts present day perception and behavior
Causing Us to:
Selectively attend to events and figures in the present that appear to promise satisfaction of those needs
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

43. how we approach the world in terms of:
We Live as We are Made
Our Genetic Nature:
Support and effects
how we approach the world in terms of:
Sensing
Feeling
Acting
Thinking
Thinking
Sensing
Feeling
Acting
Generic Nature
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

44. Need Satisfaction Misdirected
Basic needs not satisfied in the appropriate age by the appropriate figures, leads us to seek satisfaction, indirectly and unconsciously, in relationship with:
Friends, Teachers, Ministers, Employers and Marriage Partners potentially distorting and overloading those relationships
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

45. The Play of the Past in the Present
Unmet
Needs
Present
Needs
Feeling
Sensing
Acting
Thinking
Parent
Sibling
Playmate
Boss
Partner
Friend
Reality
Memory
We see the present through the lens of our Genetic Nature colored by the filter of memories of unmet needs of the past
Generic Nature
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

46. In Search of an Answer
Those who have not led a satisfying life, and who suffer Pain, Frustration, Despair and Alienation, attempt many different solutions, including:
Artistic endeavors
Religious and spiritual activities
Educational efforts
Discipline and self mastery
Psychotherapy
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

47. What Goes on in Psychotherapy?
In the next slides we will examine how the client looks at the therapist and how the therapist addresses the client’s issues from several different therapeutic approaches
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

48. Client Sees Therapist Through Lens of History
“Who is this person?
“Is this the one who will finally do right by me?”
“Is this the who has hurt me all my life?
Therapist
Client
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

49. Many Different Therapeutic Viewpoints
Therapist use many different strategies based on various theoretical and philosophical viewpoints to attend to client’s needs and wishes
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

50. Traditional Therapy Approach - I
Approach I – Attends to unmet needs in the therapeutic relationship
(Unspoken) “In our therapeutic relationship, I will model for you the kind of person that would have satisfied those needs of the past.”
Therapist
Client
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

51. PBSP Approach - I
PBSP therapist offers “Possibility Sphere” – a literal and psychological space where clients can feel safe and respected while doing the work of therapy
PBSP therapist does not offer self directly or indirectly as the satisfier of past needs while understanding and recognizing client’s tendency to project and transfer that way.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

52. Traditional Therapy Approach - II
Therapist – II Helps client gain insights regarding past deficits
“You are no longer a child and there is no parent outside.”
“You will be healed when you experience your pain and give up that neurotic wish”
“As you learn those lessons, my contact with you will be a corrective experience.”
Therapist
Client
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

53. PBSP Approach - II
PBSP therapist discourages client from seeking literal satisfaction of childhood needs in present relationships
PBSP therapist believe that healing comes from symbolic satisfaction of basic needs in a structure
PBSP therapist assists client in making a new, more positive memory from symbolic experience with Ideal Parents
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

54. Traditional Therapy Approach - III
Therapist – III helps client find people and ways to satisfy those needs in the present
“Let us review your life and I will help you learn to find people to fill in those historic deficits in terms of the present”
Therapist
Client
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

55. PBSP Approach - III
PBSP therapist believes that such attempts lead client to have confused relationships with present day figures who are placed in parental roles
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

56. Traditional Therapy Approach - IV
Therapist – IV helps client “mine” history for unrecognized value
“Your life was not entirely bad.”
“I will review your history with you and help you find good things that happened to you that you might have overlooked”
Therapist
Client
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

57. PBSP Approach - IV
PBSP clients spontaneously recall long-forgotten positive history, following the satisfaction of basic needs in structures
PBSP therapist’s primary goal is to provide clients with positive symbolic history, rather than seeking for traces of good memories in the “not-so-bad-past”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

58. Traditional Therapy Approach - V
Therapist – V attends to the “inner child”
“I will teach you how to access your inner child.”
“Then I will teach you ways you yourself can parent your inner child.”
Therapist
Client
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

59. PBSP Approach - V
Rather than teach clients to become their own parents – a repetition of the past
PBSP therapists help clients satisfy needs of their “inner child” through interactions with Ideal Figures in a structure
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

60. PBSP Therapeutic Goals
PBSP aims to provide clients with an arena to:
Gain clarity about confused and distorted present day relationships due to unmet needs of the past
Clearly and satisfying express symptom-making unprocessed emotions
Symbolically attend to unmet needs of the past with appropriately named role-playing group members while emotionally and cognitively in touch with earlier levels of consciousness
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

61. Genetic Nature Requirements - I
Satisfaction of Basic Developmental Needs
Place
Nurturance
Support
Protection
Limits
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

62. First Stage of Need Satisfaction
Basic needs must first be met literally and concretely by parents and caregivers who conceive, feed, carry, defend and limit us
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

63. Second Stage of Need Satisfaction
Then our basic needs must be met on the symbolic level by parents and caregivers
who give us a place in their hearts,
nurture our self esteem,
support our efforts
protect our rights
and limit / define our boundaries
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

64. Third Stage – Self Reliance
Finally, we learn to satisfy our own needs,
Having internalized the caregiving of others,
We have a Place for ourselves in our minds and bodies,
We Nurture ourselves, with our own efforts,
We Support ourselves, We Protect ourselves
We Limit ourselves,
In our own and the community’s best interest
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

65. Following are elaborations on the literal / concrete offerings of:
Basic Needs Detailed
Following are elaborations on the literal / concrete offerings of:
Place
Nurturance
Support
Protection
Limits
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

66. Place
Before we can rightfully exist, there has to be a Primordial Place that existed before us
Primordial Place
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

67. Place
Self
We can only have a rightful place when we are allowed room inside by that
Primordial Place
Primordial Place
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

68. The uterus is the gene-designed primordial place for humans
The Uterus is a Place
The uterus is the gene-designed primordial place for humans
Child
Primordial Place
The uterus sustains and respects the child inside it and defines its location / identity in time and space
Umbilicus
Uterus
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

69. A Not-So-Respectful Place
What is placed in the stomach is enveloped, digested and comes out less that it came in
Stomach
Food
A not-so-good place-giver can behave like a stomach
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

70. Rejecting Place-giver
Place Deficit
God / Heaven
Rejection by primordial place-giver leads to:
Longing to belong somewhere
Disconnection and flight from this world
Preoccupation about God/Heaven
Absorption with death
“Other
Worlds”
Death
Child
Search to Belong
Rejecting Place-giver
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

71. Nurturance
We trusting open ourselves to nurture, first via the umbilical cord/navel and then by the mouth
Nurture makes us full inside our bodies
and happy inside our feelings
Nurture helps to define our insides
Literal nurture keeps us literally alive
Happy
Parents / Caregivers
Nurture
Full
Satiated
Child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

72. Nurturance Deficit
If we do not receive sufficient nurturance at the appropriate time from the appropriate figures, we tend to feel:
Hollow inside
Empty
Orally boundless/insatiable
Angry and unsatisfied
Unparented
Desperate for alternative nurturance
Parents / Caregivers
Angry
Insufficient
Nurture
Hollow
Unsatisfied
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

73. Parents’ arms and bodies
Support
Support overcomes the force of gravity for the newborn child
Support supplies a sense of bottom and ground
Support is taken in on buttocks, feet and back
Support defines the weight bearing areas
Child
Force of Gravity
Parents’ arms and bodies
Ground
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

74. Support Deficit Insufficient support produces:
Feelings of insecurity and groundlessness
Poor balance and unsteadiness
Frequent falling during childhood
Nightmares of falling endlessly in bottomless pit
Tendency to injure own supporting limbs
Force of Gravity
Child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

75. Protection Newborn child is: Soft Fragile
Defenseless against external forces
Child
Newborn child is:
Hardness
Resilience
Boundary guardians
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

76. Protection Protection Shields against danger Buffers external forces
Defines frontal surfaces
Child
Mother
Father
External Dangers
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

77. Protection Deficit Protection deficits results in heightened:
Helplessness
Sensitivity
Powerlessness
Vulnerability
Fearfulness
Penetrability
Child
External Dangers
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

78. Limits
A child is born with a powerful genetic nature, having capacities to effect and be effected by the external world
It needs to discover, by loving interactions that those powers are not:
Uncontrollable
Omnipotent
Infinite
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

79. Child’s Genetic Action Forces
Limits
Parents
Wherever the Child’s
Forces come out
Child’s Genetic Action Forces
Responses
Loving
The Parents are there
Interactive
To lovingly meet them
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

80. Loving Parents Provide Limits by:
Satisfying basic needs
Satiation means needs have limits and are not infinite appetites
Meeting and handling aggressive behavior with understanding and discretion
Anger and fury are not omnipotent when they are limited and not permitted to produce destruction and death
Responding appropriately to loving, sensual/sexual behavior
Loving sensual / sexual expressions are welcomed and accepted but defined, as parents channel the child’s sexual connectivity to peers and away from themselves and other family members
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

81. Need for Limits Satisfied
The lovingly limited child evolves into a free spontaneous adult without fear of its genetic forces or going out of control
Free spontaneous adult
Child’s Genetic Action Forces
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

82. Fantasy / Reality Confusion
Limits Deficit
Omnipotence
Fantasy / Reality Confusion
To Infinity
Unmet Genetic Needs / Drives
Limitless
Appetites
Destructiveness
Cruelty
Unbound
Sexuality
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

83. Limits Deficit Results in:
Insufficient ego controls arising from insufficient interactions
Anxiety, due to insufficient ego mastery of aggression and sexuality
Destructive acting out and promiscuity
Guilt feelings, which turn explosive unbound energies inward
Rigid, brittle, conforming behavior from attempts at self control
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

84. Genetic Nature Requirements II
Integrate and Unify Polarities of Being
Genetic – Sperm / Egg
Neurological – Left Brain / Right Brain
Sensori-Motor – Perceiving / Moving
Behavioral – Activity / Receptivity, Output / Intake
Symbolic – Maleness / Femaleness, Animus / Anima
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

85. Mother’s & Antecedents’ Gene Pool Father’s & Antecedents’ Gene Pool
Genetic
We are created by seeming opposites:
The female egg and gene pool of our mother
The male sperm and gene pool of our father
Mother’s & Antecedents’ Gene Pool
Love
Father
Mother
Father’s & Antecedents’ Gene Pool
Sex
Bonds
Egg
Child
Sperm
Parents assist in unifying our life by loving and accepting each other and loving and accepting all parts of us
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

86. Parent’s Bondedness a Template for our Unification
If our parents remain bonded, we can more easily integrate and balance those inherited parts of our parents and their antecedents with which we identify
If our parents hate each other and their forebears, we are likely to be in conflict with those aspects of them we find in ourselves
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

87. Genetic Deficit – Parental Bonds Break
Broken Love / Sex Bonds
Mother
Father
Hate
Hate
Rift is reflected in the child
Mother’s Antecedents & Gene Pool Internalized
Father’s Antecedents & Gene Pool Internalized
Split child cannot fully unify
Rejects hated elements in inherited gene pool
Rejection
Child
Rejection
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

88. Genetic Unification Satisfied
Mother’s Antecedents
Father’s Antecedents
Parents and their antecedents love each other
Mother
Father
Unified, Loving Parents
Children reflects that love and can more easily “marry” all parts of itself and its inherited characteristics
Mother’s Antecedents & Gene Pool Internalized
Father’s Antecedents & Gene Pool Internalized
Unified Child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

89. Integrate and Unify Both Sides of the Brain
Neurological
Integrate and Unify Both Sides of the Brain
Left Hemisphere
Right Hemisphere
Conscious
Rational
Abstract
Intellectual
Cognitive
Verbal
Linear Thinking
Unconscious
Emotional
Spatial
Artistic
Intuitive
Non-Verbal
Organismic Thinking
Child
Corpus Collosum
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

90. Corpus Collosum Bridges the Polarities of the Brain
The Corpus Collosum
Is the bridge which mediates the communication between both sides of the brain
It allows or obstructs communication, acceptance and harmony between those polar parts of the personality
Left Hemisphere
Right Hemisphere
Child
Corpus Collosum
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

91. Parents Oversee and Influence Integration and Unification of Child
Well-Integrated Mother
Well-Integrated Father
Having accomplished integration and unification of the polarities of their own central nervous systems
Parents, individually and as a couple, model and cultivate that unification for the child
Love
Sex
Bonds
“It’s okay to acknowledge and use both sides of yourself”
Child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

92. If Parents do not validate all elements of each hemisphere, the child:
Neurological Deficit
Un-Integrated Mother
Un-Integrated Father
If Parents do not validate all elements of each hemisphere, the child:
Has difficulties finding and accepting those aspects in self
Projects unvalidated intellect, talent, rationality, emotions, etc. on to others
“Don’t know all of yourself”
Institutions
Good
Siblings, Friends
Opposite Sex
Computers
Animals
Child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

93. Sensori-Motor
Parents and care givers should support the full use of both sides of the nervous system
The different nervous system organized to present the central nervous system with information about the outside world via the senses
The efferent Nervous System organized to affect the musculature producing action in response to the outside world via the Voluntary, Emotional and Reflexive motor systems
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

94. Sensori-Motor Optimum
Parents and Care-Givers License and Encourage Children
to Explore:
On the Perception Level
All the sensory impressions and experiences their nervous system can handle
On the Action Level
All the movements and behaviors produced by emotions, will and reflexes
Resulting in Coordinated Sensori-Motor Activity
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

95. Sensori-Motor Deficit
Anxiety regarding emotional states and emotional expression
Distrust of reflexes
Deficiency in motor control and physical skill
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

96. Loving, Sexually-Bonded Parents
Behavioral
Loving, Sexually-Bonded Parents
Help children integrate and balance
Their full range of Motor / Symbol / Material expressive capacities – Output
And their full range of Motor / Symbol / Sensory / Material receptive capacities – Intake
In the service of their development
As whole and fully-functioning adults
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

97. Power / Activity – Output Receptivity / Reactivity - Intake
Power / Activity are the words used to define / describe the realm of genetic capacity for Motor / Symbol / Sensory / Material Output
Receptivity / Reactivity are the words used to describe / define the realm of genetic capacity for Motor / Symbol / Sensory / Material Intake
Intake
Output
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

98. Power / Activity - Output
Power / Activity – Output Capacity has Several Forms:
Motor/Symbol/Material System - powerful, organizing action and words directed at world sustains self and species
Respiratory System - stale air pushed out, making room for fresh oxygen supports physical existence
Digestive System - waste pushed out maintains physical existence
Reproductive System (male) - penetration of penis and ejaculation of semen maintains species continuity
Reproductive System (female) - baby pressed out of uterus into world maintains species continuity
Reproductive System (female) - breast/milk extended to baby maintains next generation physical existence
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

99. Power / Activity - Output
Power / Activity – Output Directed Toward World
Waste
Air
Action Words
Semen
Milk
Earth
Atmosphere
Reactive world
Egg
Baby
Power / Activity
Output
Each Output has its Appropriate Object
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

100. Receptivity / Reactivity - Intake
Receptivity / Intake Capacity has Several Forms:
Motor/Symbol System - people, things and ideas drawn in and responded to furthers growth and development
Sensory System - information about outside world perceived and reacted to improves individual existence
Emotional System - receptivity and reactivity to emotional states deepens empathy and strengthens species bonds
Respiratory System - air drawn in sustains existence
Digestive System - food taken in sustains existence
Reproduction System (female) - penis/semen drawn in sustains species existence
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

101. Receptivity / Reactivity - Intake
Taking in and Responding to the World
Food
Air
Action / Word
Information
Penis / Semen
Events
Mouth
Lungs
Body / Mind
Senses
Vagina / Egg
Emotions
Receptive / Reactivity Intake
Each Intake Site has its Matching Releaser
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

102. Mother and Father Oversee Process
OUTPUT
INTAKE
Outer World
Child
OUTPUT
INTAKE
INTAKE
Father
Each Intake Site has its Matching Releaser
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

103. Output / intake Deficit
Anxiety regarding use of either polarity:
Shamefulness or unease about taking in, in various forms
Shamefulness about putting out, in various forms
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

104. Intake Deficit / Abuse Shaming / Humiliating Experiences:
Showing pleasure during:
Smelling
Tasting
Seeing
Touching
Hearing
Eating
Penetrating medical / surgical interventions
Sexual penetration
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

105. Output Deficit / Abuse Shaming / Humiliating Experiences About:
Defecation and Urination
Development of pubic hair
Menstruation
Puberty breast enlargement
Nursing
Erection
Intercourse
Ejaculation
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

106. Symbolic Polarity Maleness / Femaleness Ying / Yang Animus / Anima
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

107. Unified Mother and Father Model Unification for Child
Bonded-Partners
Literal-Sex
Love
Symbolic
Maleness
Femaleness
Bonded-Generations
Symbolic Sex
Symbolically Unified Mother
Symbolically Unified Father
Unified, loving, living and present, parents
Model child’s symbolic unification and contain and define
Child’s maleness and femaleness as symbolic and not magical M F
Unified Child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

108. Early Father Disappearance
Bonded-Partners
Magical (“As if Literal”)-Sex
Love
Symbolic
Maleness
Femaleness
Bonded-Generations
Symbolic Sex
Symbolically Unified Mother
“Magical Omnipotent Interior Father”
Disappearing Father
“Magical Maleness”
Child expands un-unified symbolic males to become “Magical Omnipotent Interior Father” M M F
Un-Unified Child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

109. Symbolic Versus Magical
When symbolic capacities are not clearly defined and limited by parents, children can become distressed:
They may experience those capacities “as if literal” but, unbounded, without dimension, omnipotent and infinite
But troublesome feelings may go “underground” and “hide” in the unconscious
But show up in disturbing emotions, behavior, impulses, dreams, symptoms and ideation throughout their lives in a way that can be defined as indicators of “magical” processes beyond the rules of ordinary reality
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

110. Children Who Lose a Father Early in Life
Symbolic Deficit - I
Children Who Lose a Father Early in Life
Expand their not-yet-unified, symbolic maleness to magical proportions in the absence of a loving father’s modeling and defining presence
“Escalate” from bonded-generations symbolic sex with the mother, to bonded-partners Magical-(“As if Literal”) sex with the mother
Become the “magical” husband to the mother regardless of biological maleness or femaleness
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

111. Early Mother Disappearance
Magical Omnipotent
Interior Mother”
Symbolically Unified Mother
Disappearing Mother
Bonded-Partners
Magical (“As if Literal”)-Sex
Love
Symbolic
Femaleness
Magical Femaleness F
Symbolic
Maleness
Bonded Generations
Symbolic Sex
Love F
Child expands un-unified symbolic femaleness to become “Magical Omnipotent Interior Mother” M
Un-Unified Child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

112. Children Who Lose a Mother Early in Life
Symbolic Deficit - II
Children Who Lose a Mother Early in Life
Expand their not-yet-unified, symbolic femaleness to magical proportions in the absence of a loving mother’s modeling and defining presence
“Escalate” from bonded-generations symbolic sex with the father, to bonded-partners Magical- (“As if Literal”) sex with the father
Become the “magical” wife to the father regardless of biological maleness or femaleness
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

113. Children Who Lose a Parent Early in Life
Symbolic Deficit - III
Children Who Lose a Parent Early in Life
Replace the lost parent with a “Magical Omnipotent Inner Parent” made of un-unified and un-contained elements of themselves
Resulting in distrust of subsequent outer parenting figures
Seeing them as impostors and not as reliable as their “Inner Magical Omnipotent Parent”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

114. Genetic Nature Requirements III
Develop Consciousness I
The development of consciousness leading forward the creation of meaning is a fundamental goal of human activity
Our behavioral interaction with the outer world of people, objects and events registers on our nervous system and is converted into the inner world of consciousness, experience, concepts, meanings and thoughts
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

115. Develop Consciousness II
Outer world of people and objects
Sensory Surfaces
Inner
Self
Inner world of impressions, experience, meaning and thoughts
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

116. is converted to Inner Meaning
Consciousness III
Inner
Meaning
To Senses
Sensory
Centers
Outer
Phenomena
To Senses
Outer Phenomena
is converted to Inner Meaning
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

117. Parents Oversee Development of Consciousness
Outer world of things, people and event
Outer World
Parents define, label and translate the outer world for the child
Parents
Inner world of words, thoughts, consciousness and meaning
Buffering and translating aspect of parents
Child
Bringing to consciousness the meanings and connections between things, people and events
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

118. Parents Shape and Give Words to What the Child Feels
Are you feeling sad honey? Are you hungry? Do you want mommy to feed you?
Is your little bottom hurting? Do you want mommy to change your diapers?
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

119. Parents Shape and Give Words to What the Child Sees
“That’s a doggie”
“That’s a kitty-cat”
Parents translate the outer visual world into the inner world of names
“What’s that?”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

120. Feeling States Affect the Body
Body Surface
Inner feeling states although experienced subjectively
Appear externally on body surfaces as changes in posture, gesture and expression
Feeling State
External appearance of feeling state
Child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

121. Parents Note Child’s Outer Expression and Name It
Child’s reality is what parents see and name
Body Surface
Child
Parent
Feeling State
“I see how angry you are”
Cognitive, Conscious Reality State
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

122. Child Then Becomes Conscious of His / Her Own State
Body Surface
With the help of its parents:
Child feels and experience its emotional states
Child learns what it is feeling as well as that it is feeling
Child
Feeling State
Message From Parents
Cognitive, Conscious Reality State
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

123. What Outer World Translated to Words Forms the Inner World
What is given can exist in the mind as thought
What is not given words remains unnoted and cannot be thought about consciously.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

124. Genetic Nature Requirements IV
Develop our Pilot
Where conscious organization and coordination of all aspects of our being takes place
The highest level of neural assembly
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

125. The Pilot
The “Pilot” is the name given the highest order of consciousness and control which humans are capable of exercising
The part of consciousness and experience which has perspective on living states and simultaneously lives those states
That part that is “in charge”, makes choices and implements those choices in its/our best interest
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

126. The conscious center for the assembly and coordination of:
The Pilot
The conscious center for the assembly and coordination of:
Internal cognitive, emotional and proprioceptive information
External perceptual information
Knowing, thinking, feeling, planning, deciding and implementing choices
In the best interest of the self and those we care for
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

127. The Pilot Senses and “Knows” its Senses
Outside World
Outside World
Brain
“Master Control Room”
Sensory “Monitors”
Touch
Taste
Hearing
Temp
Smell
Pilot
Body Surfaces
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

128. The Pilot Experiences and Reads its “Monitors”
Brain
“Master Control Room”
Affective (Soul) “Monitors”
Cognitive (Ego) “Monitors”
Body
Sensations
Values, Attitudes, Thoughts
Memories of conversations
Emotional States
Defenses
Abreactive
States
Pilot
Emotional, sensori-motor and cognitive information
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

129. Pilot Responds to Events
To The Body Senses O U T S I D E V N
Information From
Body
Cognitive & Emotional Databases
Sensory Information
Action
Impulses To
Body
Motor Control Centers
Decisions, Choices, Commands P I L O T
Brain
Information
From
Body
Cognitive & Emotional Databases
Emotional Information
Brain
Body
Body senses supply information
Pilot evaluates information and initiates action
To The Body Senses
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

130. Children Seek Autonomy
Parent oversees and respects child attempts at self mastery and autonomy
“Let me do it. I wanna do it myself”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

131. Good Parenting Develops Pilot
Successful parenting results in greater autonomy for my child
Poor parenting suppresses child’s initiative and ability to take responsibility
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

132. Genetic Nature Requirements V
Realize our Uniquenes and Potentiality
We are pushed to become who we are and:
Follow our “inner calling”
Make our unique, personal contribution to the becoming / evolution of existence
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

133. Directionality of Life
Time
Genetic Possibility
Self Realization
Conception
Every present moment From the instant of conception We are inexorably pushed by our genes Into the future toward self realization
Maturity
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

134. Sequence of Self Realization
Energy → Action → Interaction → Meaning Internationalization
There is an inner state – Energy
That inner state affects our body – Action
That action seeks an object – Interaction
Our mind makes sense of it – Meaning
And records it in memory - Internalization
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

135. Non-Integrated Parts go Underground
Blocking Event
Part of Personality
Energy
Non-Interaction
Block part stays unrealized
Does not become part of living without outside help
Underground to Dreams Fantasy Projections or Body Symptoms
Aborted Action
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

136. Definitions of Energy in PBSP
Physiological level – Sensation
Behavioral level – Pre-motoric tension
Psychological level - Emotion
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

137. Energy Arises from Genetic Core
Energy Qualities
Energy Arises from Genetic Core
Virtually invisible on “micro” level
Has innate directionality to realize itself as action, on “macro” level, in the future
Genetic Core
Energy
To the Future
Toward Action
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

138. Therapist Directs Client to Body State
Energy Questions
Therapist Directs Client to Body State
Therapist
Client
“What is going on in your body?”
“I feel Hot, Cold, Tense, Fearful, Trembling”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

139. Definitions of Action in PBSP
Behavior and movement stemming from sensation, pre-motoric tension or emotional states
“Shape” created by the energy in the body
Expression following a felt need
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

140. Action Qualities
The optimally satisfying quality and shape of the action Is “predicted” and “known” by the quality and organization of the energy which produced it
ACTION
ENERGY
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

141. Therapist Directs Client to Cognitive Explore Expression
Action Question
Therapist Directs Client to Cognitive Explore Expression
Therapist
Client
“How do you think your body would move following that feeling?”
“I’m not sure, but I might move my legs.”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

142. Therapist Directs Client to Motorically Explore Expression
Action Question 2
Therapist Directs Client to Motorically Explore Expression
Therapist
Client
“Tighten the muscles around the affected parts and see how your body would move.”
“My legs want to run. I feel afraid. I want to scream.”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

143. Definitions of Interaction in PBSP
The goal of the action
The satisfying behavior or movement that satisfies the need expressed in the action
The “countershape” that matches the “shape” of the expression
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

144. Interaction Qualities
Optimally satisfying interaction is predicted and “anticipated” by the shape and qualities of the action
ENERGY
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

145. Therapist Directs Client to Explore Wished – for Response to Action
Interaction Question
Therapist Directs Client to Explore Wished – for Response to Action
Therapist
Client
“What kind of response would you lie to your action of running and screaming?”
“I would like someone to hold and protect me.”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

146. Definition of Meaning
The translation of the interactive experience into conscious, verbal / symbolic, descriptive terms
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

147. Conversion of Interaction to Meaning
The feeling state, (Energy)
The sensation and experience of the movement (Action)
And the impact of the relationship (Interaction)
Are viewed as a gestalt and translated into words (Meaning)
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

148. Meaning is Formed at Interactive Interface (Juncture)
INTERACTION
ACTION
ENERGY
MEANING
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

149. Therapist Asks Client to Say What the Interaction Signifies
Meaning Question
Therapist Asks Client to Say What the Interaction Signifies
Therapist
Client
“What does it mean to you that you are held and protected when you are frightened?”
“Someone cares for me and there is safety in the world.
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

150. Definition of Internalization
The conversion and storage of the experience of symbolic satisfaction of a basic need
Using images, words, sensori-motor, and kinesthetic elements
Into a memory that includes an image of the self at the age when that need satisfaction would have been most appropriate
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

151. Meaning is Formed at Interactive Interface (Juncture)
ACTION
MEMORY
Meaning recorded in Memory
Conditions how we view the present
Influences how we react to similar events in the future
ENERGY
MEMORY
MEANING
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

152. Internalization Instruction
Therapist Tells Client How to Construct the Memory
Therapist
Client
“Make a kinesthetic sensori-motor image of your child-self receiving that protection from the caring figure (s), which includes your feelings of satisfaction
“Okay”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

153. Past Memory Affects Future Interactions
Memory of Self in past interaction
Filters perceptions and modifies action of Self in future interactions with Outside World P A S T A C T I ON
Outside World
Self
MEMORY
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

154. Definition of a Structure
The individual work done by a group member in a therapy session that follows the group rules, rules of role-play and client contract specific to the Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor process
As in, “Doing” a Structure”
The time set aside for a client to do their individual therapeutic work – usually 50 minutes
As in, “Having” a Structure time”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

155. Group Rules
Group rules provide the client with maximum control of their own therapeutic experience during a structure
Group members are asked to:
Refrain from moving about the room unless instructed by the client to do so in a role
Refrain from reacting, making comments or statements unless instructed by the client to do so in a role
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

156. Enrollment Contract
Group Members Make a Contract Statement as they Accept Roles
Group Members
Group Member Asked to Role-Play
“Will you role-play the negative aspect of my mother?”
Group Member Having Structure
“I will role-play the negative aspect of your mother. Where would you like to place me?”
Therapist
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

157. Roleplayers are “Accommodators”
Role-playing figures are called Accommodators in Pesso Boyden System Psychomotor
To “accommodate” in PBSP means to respond to whatever action and words, expressed by the group member having a structure, in a form that most fits that expression
Accommodation provides maximum satisfaction to clients core needs by “countershaping” or matching, the form/shape of their expression
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

158. Accommodators are Countershapers
Accommodation rules promote satisfaction of negative and positive expressions
“Negative” Accommodators role play injury or defeat when clients in a structure express anger at them as negative historical figures
“Positive” Accommodators provide symbolic satisfaction of basic needs as Ideal Figures when clients come in contact with historic deficits
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

159. Shape/Countershape - 1
Shape represents the external action or behavior that arises from internal genetic sources
Such as expressions of:
Basic developmental needs
Emotions
Power/Activity and Receptivity/Reactivity
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

160. Shape/Countershape - 2
Countershape represents the interactional response to those expressions which provide:
Satisfaction of Basic Needs
Acceptance of Emotions
Validation of Power/Activity and Receptivity/Reactivity
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

161. Shape/Countershape - 3
The Countershape is the completion and counterpart of the Shape, not its mirror image
Shape
Countershape
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

162. Shape/Countershape - 4
If Shape represents the Client, then Countershape represents the Accomodator
Client
Accomodator
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

163. Shape/Countershape - 5
If Shape represents a Need, then Countershape represents its Satisfaction
Emotion
Validation
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

164. Shape/Countershape - 6
If Shape represents a Need, then Countershape represents its Satisfaction
Emotion
Validation
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

165. Shape/Countershape - 7
If Shape represents the Self, then Countershape represents the Satisfying Other
Self / Soul
Satisfying Other
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

166. Interactive Interface
The Interactive Interface is the hypothetical surface between the Shape and the Countershape where experience takes place and meaning is created
Interactive Interface
Shape
Countershape
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

167. Interactive Interface as the Ego
The Interactive Interface can be represented as a membrane or “skin” around the soul which becomes part of the Ego, or conscious self
Thus, Ego is created by Interactions
Ego
Shape
(Soul)
Countershape
Ego
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

168. Interactions “Wrap” the Shape/Soul in Ego
Ego Wrapping
Interactions “Wrap” the Shape/Soul in Ego
Ego
Shape
(Soul)
Countershape
(Satisfying Order)
Ego
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

169. Major Role-played Figures in PBSP
Three types of role-played figures in PBSP
Fragment Figures
Aspects of Historical Figures
Ideal Figures
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

170. Fragment Figures
Fragment figures symbolize fragments of human capacities and attitudes and are designed to:
Define and support clients’ emotional expression in the “here and now”
Externalize values, injunctions and internalized voices in clients
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

171. Aspects of Historical Figures
Negative Aspect
That part of the historical figure that had a negative effect on the client’s development
Loved Aspect
That part of the historical figure toward whom the client feels unexpressed love
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

172. Ideal Figures are constructed to provide:
Symbolic, auditory, sensori-motor interactions giving optimal satisfaction of unmet basic needs and necessary developmental experiences
Kinesthetic sensori-motor elements for the client to construct a symbolic memory of how their past might have been with such parental or family figures
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

173. Basic PBSP Sequences Offering the Possibility Sphere
Assisting Client to Center of Truth
Setting Up the True Scene
Setting Up the Historical Scene (Old Map)
Setting up the Symbolic Healing Scene (New Map / Antidote)
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

174. Possibility Sphere - 1
Therapist surrounds client with a “possibility sphere” a consciously extended psychological space within which all the future work will occur
It is not the normal, everyday social reactivity of the therapist, but a natural aspect of the therapist’s personality and responsiveness, honed and differentiated for professional, therapeutic work
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

175. Possibility Sphere - 2
The therapist extends a “psychological envelope” filled with attention, understanding, compassion and acceptance to the client
To be believable, the Possibility Sphere has to be based on trust, hope and belief in the value and meaning of life
Therapist
Client
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

176. Qualities of the Possibility Sphere
The Possibility Sphere, empty of therapist’s demands, is filled with therapist’s consciousness and intelligence
In the Possibility Sphere clients feel seen and understood
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

177. Qualities of the Possibility Sphere 2
The Possibility Sphere provides the platform upon which the therapy rests
There, the client can feel that satisfaction in life is possible and that basic needs can be met
The Possibility Sphere is filled with hope
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

178. Center of Truth Therapist directs the client to access and assess:
Feeling states
Cognitive states
Those states are connected to innate “data bases” which are repositories of tested responses to life situations
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

179. Evolutionary History Data Base
Accessed by Feelings and Emotions
Feelings in the body in the present moment arise from genetic, neuro-muscular, organic, processes and can lead to useful information in the service of survival and well-being
Emotional responses to significant situations in the present release organized behavior patterns based on species-successful activity in similar situations in evolutionary past
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

180. Evolutionary History Data Base
Present
Reality
Feelings
Emotions
Emotional Motor System Output
Present reality
Activates evolutionary history data base
Releases feelings and emotions
Leads to motor system output based on those emotions
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

181. Personal History Data Base
Accessed by thoughts and resistances
Thoughts, arising in present circumstances, reflect the “truths” learned from similar events in the past
Resistances against present feelings and emotions based on inability to cope with similar, but overwhelming, past events
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

182. Evolutionary History Data Base
Present
Reality
Feelings
Emotions
Emotional Motor System Output
Present reality
Activates personal history data base
Produces thoughts and resistances
Leads to voluntary motor system output or inhibition
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

183. Master Control Room Master Control Room
“What are you feeling in your body?”
“What are you thinking in your mind?”
Feelings Emotions
Thoughts Resistances
Master Control Room
Evolutionary Data Base
Personal Data Base
By those questions, the therapist invites the client to access basic “truths”, which are those beliefs that the client has learned for survival in the world
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

184. Witness Figure
A role-played extension and externalization of the therapist’s observational skills which:
Represents the principle of a positive caring figure who views and accepts emotions in a nonjudgmental and compassionate manner in a way that:
Increases client’s consciousness of emotional states
Translates affect into words - a form of “ego-wrapping”
Models caring and acceptance for client’s “pilot”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

185. Witness Figure 2
The Witness Figure is similar to a parent watching over a child’s development
Seeing,
Caring,
Accepting,
And Naming
The child’ experience
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

186. Ideally, The Child Lives in the Parent’s Gaze
The child is happy in the embrace of the parent’s attention
The child’s universe lies within the parent’s sight field Inside, the child can live
Outside, is the void
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

187. Parent Makes Image of the Child
The child “lives” in the parent’s mind and has a “place” in her/his consciousness
Thought
Bank
Emotion
Bank
Image includes thoughts of the child and memories of loving the child
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

188. Children Remember Affectively
With Feelings and Emotions, as the Parent:
Holds them
Washes them
Sings to them
Nurses, cares for and plays with them
Cognitively
With Images and Words, as the Parent:
Speaks with them
Describe them
Interact with them
These memories are included in the child’s self image and influence the image or map the child makes of the world
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

189. Parent’s Image of Child A Model for Child’s Self Image
Parent’s Image of Beloved Child
The child constructs an image of itself based on how the parent treats, feels and thinks about it
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

190. Child’s Self Image Includes Memories of Parent
Thought
Bank
Feeling Bank
Memory System
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

191. Fragment Figures Fragment Figures are role-played figures
Who state clients’ own spoken thoughts
Reflecting inner attitudes and values
As if they were “laws” or “truths”
Pronounced by an authority on the outside
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

192. Fragment Figures 2 Fragment Figures are the precursors
of actual historical figures
Who provided the interactive and experiential basis
for those announced attitudes and values
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

193. Elements of the True Scene
The True Scene strengthens the client’s pilot as it:
Illustrates and externalizes the architecture of the client’s affective and cognitive states
Provides the client with verbal information regarding unconscious bodily expression using the Witness Figure
Reflects the client’s thoughts and cognitive states as injunctions and values using Fragment Figures
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

194. True Scene Elements
Client - in contact with emotions, feelings and thoughts
Therapist - in contact with own emotional center and theoretical frames of reference - considering which figure to introduce
Role-played Figures
Witness figure if client is in a emotional state or expressing strong feelings
Various fragment figures if client is preoccupied with thoughts, values, attitudes or injunctions
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

195. True Scene Organization
Therapist translates client emotions into words via Witness Figure Plays back client thoughts and values via Voice of Truth
Client
Emotions
Thoughts
Named and given context by the Witness Figure
Pronounced by Fragment Figure “Voice of Truth” 3 1 4 2
Emotions expressed by client
Thoughts expressed by client
Witness Figure
Voice of Truth
Therapist
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

196. In preparation for Witness Figure statement
Witnessing Process
Therapist observes client to determine appropriate affective word to describe client’s present emotional state
In preparation for Witness Figure statement
Sad?
Depressed?
Pessimistic?
Dissatisfied?
Bitter?
Mournful?
Hurt?
Wounded?
Rejected?
“My father never spent time with me.”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

197. Witness Statement Proposed
Therapist proposes hypothetical witness statement
for client’s approval
Proposed sentence includes appropriate name for the emotion in appropriate context
“If a Witness Figure were present, he/she might say, ‘I see how hurt you feel, as you remember your father never spent time with you.’ Would that be accurate?”
“Yes, That would be exactly right. It feels good that someone can see that.”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

198. Witnessing Procedural Sequence
Therapist sees client emotion and proposes Witness Figure statement
Therapist directs role-player chosen and placed by client to make statement
Client hears Witness statement from role-player
Client
Witness Figure Statement
“I see how hurt you feel, as you remember your father never spent time with you.”
Emotion 3 1
Witness Figure 2
Therapist
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

199. Overview of Witnessing Effect4
Client’s memory of event affects feeling state
Feeling state affects client’s facial muscles
Therapist sees Client facial muscles (Feeling State) and organizes verbal statement
Witness makes statement
Pilot links words, feeling state, memory and facial muscles - more fully “sees” and “understands” self
Witness 5
Pilot
Therapist 5 5 5 3 3
Memory Bank
Feeling State 2 1 2
Facial Muscles
Client
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

200. Client’s Attitude Toward Self Offered as Voice of Truth
Client’s intra-psychic, self reproaching attitude
Offered as an external, interpersonal Fragment Figure
To trace its origin and master its effects
That attitude could be stated by a Voice of Truth.
“But that hurt feeling is a childish reaction and it happened years ago.”
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

201. Voice of Truth Procedural Sequence
Therapist hears client self reproach and proposes Voice of Truth statement
Therapist directs role-player chosen and placed by client to make statement
Client hears Voice of Truth statement from role-player
Voice of Truth Statement “That hurt feeling is a childish reaction and it happened years ago.”
Client 3 1
Witness Figure 2
Therapist
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

202. Overview of Voice of Truth Effect4
Client’s memory of events produces thought
Thought is given words
Therapist hears Client words and frames figure
Voice of Truth says words
Pilot hears words from interior and exterior sources (self and Voice) and connects intra-psychic thought processes to Client interpersonal events 5
Pilot
Therapist 5 5 5 3 3
Memory Bank 2
Thoughts 1 2
Words
Client
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

203. Historical Scene
Tensions and conflicts apparent in the True Scene lead the client to recall and reexperience original historical deficits and traumas which are the foundation of the present conflict.
The Historical Scene allows clients to access and express emotions normally “buried” in body symptoms in terms of their original historical contexts
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

204. Satisfying Interactions “Suit” and “Clothe” the Soul
Satisfying Interactions create an Ego/Interactive Interface that “Fits” the true shape of the soul
Unsatisfying Interactions create an Ego/Interactive Interface that “Denies” and “Distorts” the true shape of the soul
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

205. Shape / Contrashape If Shape represents the Self
Then the Contrashape represents the Non-Satisfying Other
Non -Satisfying Other
Self
Contrashape
Shape
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

206. Non-fitting Interaction between Shape and Contrashape
The Shape's surfaces are not seen, validated, responded to or satisfied
Shape
Contrashape
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

207. Results of Non-Fitting Interactions
Violation
Frustration
Abandonment
Rejection
Absence of Interface
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

208. Creation of a Non-Fitting Interactive Interface
Shape
Contrashape
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

209. Non-Countershaped Aspects of Self / Shape
These portions are left unsatisfied, unmet, non-countershaped and without an Interactive Interface - unbounded
Shape
Self
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

210. Place for new slide
Something about how the therapist responds in the relationship and in the transference to what is wanted according to what is still unmet on the shape and what is expected from the old unsatisfying contra shape reactions
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

211. Old Map The Old Map is laid down on the interactive interface
Recording both satisfying and non-satisfying counter and contrashapes
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

212. Shape / Contrashape
Following satisfaction of needs in a structure, client has two Interactive Interfaces. One, the historical, the other a symbolic, alternative, healing Interactive Interface
Client
Ideal Figure/s
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

213. New Map
The New Map is created with Ideal Figures who respond appropriately to the unmet needs of the past
Providing a symbolic memory of satisfaction, validation, respect and confirmation which assists the client in living in the present with more of his/her true self available
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

214. Present Difficult Event Awaken Maps
Present Difficult Event awakens Old Map, negative images and inappropriate responses
Old Map
Negative Expectations and Conditioning
Present Difficult Event
Client
New Map
Positive Expectations and Conditioning
It also awakens the New Map which provides alternative, positive images and more appropriate responses
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

215. New Map Affects Perception of Present
Present Difficult event is seen through “sensory filter” conditioned by the New Map
Old Map
Negative Expectations and Conditioning
Present Difficult Event
Sensory
Client
New Map
Positive Expectations and Conditioning
Filter
Present Difficult Event does not appear so overwhelming as Old Map would anticipate
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

216. New Map Provides More Appropriate Responses
New Map awakens energies and responses to Present Difficult Event
Old Map
Negative Expectations and Conditioning
Present Difficult Event
Client
New Map
Positive Expectations and Conditioning
More in line with reality and client’s true abilities and not so in line with Old Map
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994

217. New Map Gives Client Possibilities
Positive Expectations and Conditioning
Outside World of People and Events
Client
Clients with New Maps reinforced by successful living, Can access more positive expectations and energies And live in the real world With more Pleasure, Satisfaction, Meaning and Connectedness
*TMs & © 1994 A & DB Pesso Copyright Albert Pesso & Diane Boyden-Pesso, 1994