1. AMINES

2. Structure and Properties
Contain a nitrogen atom bound to an alkyl group and hydrogen atoms.
General Formula:
primary amine: R-NH2
secondary amine: R2-NH
tertiary amine: R3-N
Quaternary amine: R4-N+X-
Nitrogen is very electronegative, thus:
* N-H bond is very polar &
* hydrogen bonding is possible --high bp
*amines are organic bases

3. Amine Nomenclature Primary Amines:
- Locate the longest carbon chain that contains the NH2 group
- treat the NH2 group as a branch with the name amino
- assign location so that the lowest possible number is used
- if other branches are present, number and name the same way as with other compounds

4. Examples CH3CH2CH2NH2 : 1-aminopropane
CH3CH2CH2(NH2)CH3: 2-aminohexane
HO-CH2C|HCH2C|H2 : 4-amino-2-bromo-1-butanol
Br NH2

5. Secondary & Tertiary Nomenclature
Treat additional branches as a branch on the nitrogen
The base name is the longest chain that contains the amine
Name other chain as alkyl substituent on the nitrogen
Use “N-” at the front of the branch name to indicate that the substituent in on the nitrogen atom

6. CH3CH2CH2-NH-CH3 : N-methly-1-aminopropane
Examples:
CH3CH2CH2-NH-CH3 : N-methly-1-aminopropane
(CH3CH2)2NCH3: N-ethyl-N-methyl-1-aminoethane
CH3CH(NH2)CH2-NH2: 1,2-diaminopropane
Common names:
CH3-NH2 methylamine
CH3-NH-CH3 dimethylamine
CH3CH2-NH2 ethylamine
CH3-NH-CH2CH3 methylethylamine

7. Uses and importance of Amines
Amines are found in both plants and animals
Neurotransmitters (chemicals that pass signals between nerve cells) are amines
- serotonin, acetylcholine
used to manufactor local anesthetics and other medicinals: e.g Viagra

8. Sources of amines Industrial Production:
Production from ammonia and an alcohol
NH3 + CH3OH --> NH2CH3
NH2-CH3 + CH3OH --> CH3NHCH3
Production from amides:
CH3CH2CH2CONH2 --> CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2