1. The History of Pants
13th Century B.C.-Today

2. The first known pants were called trousers.
In the Beginning...
13th-10th Century B.C.
The first known pants were called trousers. 
The oldest pair of trousers that have been discovered date back to somewhere between the 13th and 10th century B.C. 
They were found at the Yanghai cemetery in Turpan, Xinjiang, western China.
Made of wool, they had straight legs and wide crotches and were likely made for horseback riding because robes were too uncomfortable to ride in.

3. Ancient Greek and Roman Eras: 8th Century B.C.-476 A.D.
Ancient Rome
They refused to wear pants because it was associated with savagery. 
Pants were originally associated with the Persians, Scythians, Sarmatians, Eastern and Central Asian peoples.
The Greeks used the term anaxyrides for pants and thought that wearing pants was a sign of barbarism and they even found them ridiculous.
Roman clothes were highly based on Greek clothing because the Romans were fond of Greek culture so like Greeks they didn't wear pants because it was associated with savagery.

4. The Middle Ages: 476 AD – 1492 Breeches
During the middle ages, peasant men wore tunics with hose coming up to their thighs and it was unlikely they had ever heard trousers or pants. 
In the early Middle Ages, men of higher social status wore trousers, or more commonly known as breeches at the time, under their tunics.
In the later Middle Ages they stopped wearing breeches and replaces them with hose.
Hose

5. Italian Renaissance: 14th-17th Century
Peasant men wore loose-fitting pants -- or trews -- which tied at the waist and laced
    around the lower leg. They were made of cheap materials.
Noblemen, on the other hand, sported breeches, also known as Venetian breeches,
   that were roomy and loose.
Men also wore "trunkhose" or "slops," which are the puffy garment common in
   depictions of this era.
No one had zippers. All pants fastened with button closures.

6. Elizabethan:
Breeches worn by a man were to be worn around the natural waist (no matter his class).
If wearing a doublet, the trousers would be suspended from the doublet by tying holes on a band inside the doublet.
The most commonly worn options were breeches worn at the knee, just below the knee, or mid-calf.
Sometimes, men wore breeches made of finer wools than the lower classes and would also sport finer colors. A man in the middle class might wear pants pleated at the waist and gathered. Expensive breeches were made of silk, stain, velvet, leather, and even delicate silks.
Flair was added to breeches with vertical slashes down the leg and pops of color exposed or strips of fabric in lining colors.

7. French Neoclassic: 18th-19th Century
Instead of breeches, what was worn in this time period is known as pantaloons. 
These pants had a fall front opening. Small fob-pockets for watches were placed at either side of the openings, close to the waistband.

8. Victorian Era:
Trousers were usually loose to the ankle and were held up by a pair of suspenders made of elastic or braces.
The trousers had high waistbands and were tight at the top loosening down on the way to the ankle.
Mostly they were made of dark colours or subtle plaids were used with dull colours like grey or light brown.
Workmen used to wear trousers made of sturdy fabrics like cotton or moleskin.
Men of lower class wore trousers made of vivid colours with big plaids or checkers.
The garish colors were mostly worn by upper class men who did not care much about fashion and styling.

9. Edwardian Era:
Men’s pants and trousers were still high waisted with full hips and legs that tapered to the ankle.
Overall the look was slim and getting slimmer when the Jazz Suit came in fashion.
Morning suit pants were striped grey and black.
Day to day pants matched suits in grey, brown, or tweed.
Ivory pants were ideal in the summer for the upper classes
Lower classes wore whatever they could get a hold of or they wore heavy denim overalls at work.

10. 1920s
The most popular style of pants were trousers known as Oxford Bags and and Plus-Fours.
Oxford bags grew in popularity around when undergraduates at Oxford adopted these wide-legged trousers. The trousers were made out of flannel and came in a variety of colors.
Plus-fours developed out of ordinary knickers – short- legged trousers that gather around the knee. hey had four extra inches of material (hence the name) but instead of extending the trouser leg, they still fastened around the knee and the extra material hung over the band, creating the baggy look as seen at a racecourse in Were popular golf attire.
Young boys would wear short trousers and they would get longer as they got older.

11. 1930s
While no longer as wide as the previous decade’s Oxford bags, trouser legs continued to be wide at the bottom and worn creased and cuffed.
Plus-fours continued to be worn by many and tweed continued to be a popular material.
Flannel Trousers.

12. 1940s
Women
Men
The cuffed look was super popular, and many men would buy long pants and cuff them at home. 
The suit trousers were usually flat-fronted or with single pleats. They were worn at the high waist with a 3-inch waist band. Trouser legs were wide around the ankle.
Belts had largely replaced suspenders as pants became more fitted at the waist.
Work trousers had flat fronts with a single leg crease. The leg widths were also generally narrower than suit or sports pants. Colors were fairly basic tan, brown, navy, and hunter green, although sometimes plaid was thrown into the mix. 
Casual trousers were usually a solid color. 
This is when they became a regular wardrobe item for women as they started to take up factory jobs that were previously only done by men.
They were not exactly figure friendly and were basically the same as men. 
Pant legs were usually uncuffed with large slit pockets on the sides only. Extra large pockets often called Kangaroo pockets, appeared on some trousers. The size of the pocket meant women could put more things in them quickly and have their hands free to carry children to safety or hold tools on the job.
 A multitasking woman in the 1940s was more important than fashion.
They were made of wool blends, cotton denim, cotton twill, wool flannel, gabardine, cotton corduroy and seersucker in colors of black, blues, greys and browns. Some later 40’s pants came in wide stripes, plaids and checks such as the houndstooth pants Marilyn Monroe is wearing.
Unlike men’s trousers which button up the front fly, women’s pants were fixed at the sides with several buttons and in the late 1940’s with a side zipper.
They also adopted loose-fitting jeans and overalls.

13. 1950s Women only wore pants around te house or for very casual events.
Women wore jeans called Dungarees as well as apris and pedal pushers which became pretty popular.
The sailor look was very popular. 
Men’s dress pants were classic high waisted pleated pants with a sharp center crease. They fit wider than today’s skinny fit trousers but by the end of the decade, they were moving in that direction.
Popular colors were medium blue, chocolate brown, grey, and tan.  Casual men’s 1950s trousers came in teal, maroon, light blue and rust.
Textured fabrics were a big deal in the 1950s. Corduroy was common in fall and winter. Tweed, linen, nubby wool, and brushed cotton were also trendy year-round.
Denim jeans continued to be high waist, wide leg, with rolled cuffs in dark denim.

14. 1960s Men started to accept pleat less pants.
Trousers were usually uncuffed.
Mod style became popular in the mid 1960's so young men would wear low slung, wide belted, skinny, fitted pants and women would wear straight legged pants suits. 
Pinstripe came back for a short period of time. 
Women mainly wore stockings during the earlier part of this period.
In the later 60s, pants, celebrated for their versatility, were getting wider legs and softer. Women loved topping them with a color, ethnic-inspired tunic.
Women loved the lean look and adopted long straight-cut pants in 1969.
Bright colors and hippie style started to become very popular near the end of the 60's.

15. 1970s
The most popular pants in the beginning were bell bottoms and frayed jeans.
Pastels were popular colors, especially baby blue, yellow, mauve, and peach.
Casual looks for men included bell bottoms. 
By the mid 70's men were bck to wearing straight leg pants or jeans and women back to skirts. 
In the the late 70's when the Disco style became popular, flared pants were popular in powder blue, beige, and white were the look.
For women clotes became baggier and revealing through pants suits and jeans. 

16. 1980s
This time period introduced us to creative shapes like balloon/parachute pants, Bermuda shorts and styles that were puffy around the hips and taped around the ankles.
Denim jeans were hugely popular, and corduroy also enjoyed some success. Popular pants manufacturers included Lee, Levi’s, Wrangler, among many others.
Trousers made a comeback in 1988.

17. 1990s 
In the early 90's women wore leggings and colored or embroidered jeans. 
Men wore colored jeans. 
In the late 90's women liked red or black leather pants, flared pants, and ripped jeans took over. 
Men wore dress slacks, chinos, and khakis. 

18. Early 2000s Shiny pants. Denim Pants. Low rise jeans. Flared jeans.
Cargo pants. 
Yoga Pants 
Capri pants.
Bootcut jeans. 
Jeggings. 
Slim cut Jeans.

19. 2010s/Today Mom jeans. Ripped jeans. Sweatpants. Flared jeans.
Skinny jeans. 
High Rise. 

20. Where did certain pant styles come from?
Jeans
Sweatpants
First pair of jean pants were made by Levi Strauss in 1871.
In the 1920s, Henry David Lee introduced the first pair of jeans featuring a zipper fly and invented the denim Union-All work jumpsuit, which eventually transformed into denim overalls.
If you look closely at some pairs of contemporary Levi's jeans, you'll be able to clearly identify elements from the early days of the brand, including the orange stitching, copper rivets, leather patch and stitched line across the back pocket.
They were first introduced in 1920 by Émile Camuset of Le Coq Sportif.
In the modern era however, sweatpants serve as a vital part of athlete’s wardrobes. 
In order to keep warm on chilly days, sweatpants have been adopted by many professional and amateur sports teams as part of the official wear of the team.

21. Where did certain pant styles come from?
Ripped Jeans
Capris
Ripped jeans were originally associated with the working class who couldn't afford to buy new jeans.
In the 70s during an early Punk Movement it became a symbolism of revolt and expression towards society.
By the 90s they became a trend based on cultural influences like grunge. 
They are reviving again today.
The European fashion designer Sonja de Lennart invented the famous Capri pants in 1948.
The pants name comes from the Italian isle of Capri, where they rose to popularity in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
First only worn by women, they later became popular also with men in many countries, especially in Europe and Latin America. 
The American actress Grace Kelly was the first movie star who wore Capris.

22. Vocabulary:
Breeches: Short trousers fastened just below the knee, now chiefly worn for riding a horse or as part of ceremonial dress.
Trousers: An outer garment covering the body from the waist to the ankles, with a separate part for each leg.
Hose: Stockings, socks, and tights (especially in commercial use).
Trews: Close-fitting tartan trousers worn by certain Scottish regiments.
Pantaloons: Baggy trousers gathered at the ankles.

23. Quiz:
1. What was the original function of pants? 2. Why didn’t the Ancient Greeks or Romans wear pants? 3. What were pants most commonly referred to as before they were known as trousers? 4. What were pants called or referred to as during the French Neoclassical Era? 5. Name one form of popular pants in the 1980s.

24. Quiz Answers:
1. They were made to make horseback riding more comfortable and easier. 2. They associated them with savages. 3. Breeches. 4. Pantaloons. 5. Denim Jeans, Bermuda Shorts, Balloon/Parachute Pants.

25. Sources:
Agarwal, Rohan. "The History of Ripped Jeans." Everything Man Store, 2018, Accessed 25 Oct
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Cirelli, Cheryl. "Men's Fashion During the Renaissance." Lovetoknow, mens- fashion.lovetoknow.com/Men%27s_Fashion_During_the_Renaissance. Accessed 23 Oct
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Donnerstag. "Fashion History Classics: Who invented the Capri Pants?" Speakfashion.us, 29 May 2014, fashion.de/fashion_history/classics/fashion-history-classcis-capri-pants. Accessed 25 Oct

26. Sources:
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Trousers." Encyclopaedia Britannica, Accessed 22 Oct
Fifities Web. "1950s Pants & Shorts." Fifties Web, fiftiesweb.com/fashion/1950s-pants-shorts/. Accessed 3 Nov
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Langston's. "The History of Jeans: From 1871 to Today." Langston's, jeans.html. Accessed 25 Oct

27. Sources:
Loy, Sam. "HIstory of Swaetpants." The Paw Print, 2 May 2016, thepawprintgreenwoodnews.wordpress.com/2016/05/02/history-of-sweatpants/.
Pandya, Hitanshi. "1940s Men's Fashion History- The suit decade." M, 17 Dec. 2017, Accessed 3 Nov
Reddy, Karina. " " Fashion History Timeline, 5 Apr. 2019, fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/ /. Accessed 3 Nov
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Reed, Danielle. "Elizabethan Fashion for Men." Lovetoknow, mens- fashion.lovetoknow.com/Elizabethan_Fashion_for_Men. Accessed 24 Oct
Retrowaste. "1980s Fashion: Styles, Trends & History." Retrowaste, the-1980s/. Accessed 4 Nov

28. Sources:
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Snell, Melissa. "Medieval European Peasant Clothing What Peasants and Laborers Wore in the Middle Ages." ThoughtCo., 22 Aug. 2019, Accessed 23 Oct
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