1. Microsoft Foundation Classes

2. Set of C++ classes written by MS Simplifies writing complex programs
What is MFC?
Set of C++ classes written by MS
Simplifies writing complex programs
Covers many areas:
GUI
I/O
O/S interfaces
ActiveX
Framework for IE extensions
Component of Windows

3. Many common tasks are "built-in" Smaller executable
Why Use MFC?
Faster development
More code is reusable
Many common tasks are "built-in"
Winmain, WndProc
Smaller executable
Uses all the C++ paradigms
Inheritance, polymorphism, etc.

4. MFC class categories CObject – the root class
Application architecture classes
Window, dialog, control
Drawing, printing
Datatypes
Array, list, map
File & DB
Internet & networking
OLE
Debugging
Used in this course

5. Think of it as the "master" class Serialization Runtime class info
Cobject
Think of it as the "master" class
Serialization
Stream data to/from devices (disks)
Runtime class info
Debugging
Some derived classes
Cmenu (menus & menu mgmt.)
CDC (device context & drawing)
CGdiObject (drawing devices – brushes, etc)

6. MFC class hierarchy chart Macros & global variables
Related info
MFC class hierarchy chart
Macros & global variables
WndProc (Win32API) buried in MFC library
Message Maps
Names of events
Handler functions for those events
E.g.; ON_WM_MOVE for CMainFrame::OnMove
ON_WM_MOVE pre-defined constant
OnMove pre-defined fn in the CMainFrame class

7. WIn32API vs MFC Message handling
Window gets moved
Window gets moved
Msg qets queued for app.
Msgloop gets msg
App requests callback
OS uses Message Map do determine method to call
WndProc()
case WM_MOVE:
movefn();
CMainFrame::OnMove
Win32API
MFC

8. Parts of a basic MFC Program - 1 MyWinApp.h
#include <afxwin.h> class CMyWinApp : public CWinApp { public: virtual BOOL InitInstance(); };

9. Parts of a basic MFC Program – 2 MainFrame.h
#include <afxwin.h> class CMainFrame : public CFrameWnd { private: // variables known to all CMainFrame members public: // define the prototypes for functions to handle window events CMainFrame(); // class constructor // prototypes for members named in the MESSAGE MAP // The MESSAGE MAP is implemented in MainFrame.cpp //afx_msg int OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct); //afx_msg void OnShowWindow(BOOL bShow, UINT nStatus); afx_msg void OnMove(int x, int y); afx_msg void OnPaint(); // msg hndlr for WM_PAINT event void common(CWnd* wptr); DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP(); }; // note: the "afx_msg" prefix is pre-VS 2005 and is #defined as empty

10. Parts of a basic MFC Program – 3
// Main.cpp #include "MyWinApp.h" CMyWinApp MyApplication;

11. Parts of a basic MFC Program – 4 // MyWinApp.cpp
// create the window frame & display it #include "MyWinApp.h" #include "MainFrame.h" BOOL CMyWinApp::InitInstance() { CMainFrame *pFrame; pFrame = new CMainFrame; m_pMainWnd = pFrame; pFrame->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW); pFrame->UpdateWindow(); return TRUE; }

12. Parts of a basic MFC Program – 5a MainFrame.cpp
This is where all the real work gets done
#include "MainFrame.h"
// Define the messages we will respond to and create the window
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP (CMainFrame, CFrameWnd) // classname, base class
//ON_WM_CREATE()
//ON_WM_SHOWWINDOW()
//ON_WM_ACTIVATE()
ON_WM_MOVE()
ON_WM_PAINT()
END_MESSAGE_MAP()

13. Parts of a basic MFC Program – 5b MainFrame.cpp – part 2
CMainFrame::CMainFrame()// Explicit constructor { CString title = "DJ's WIndow"; Create (NULL /* classname*/, title, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CRect (0, 0, 670, 300), NULL, /* parent window ptr*/ 0, /* ID */ NULL /* create context ptr - only if overriding the context */ ); }

14. Parts of a basic MFC Program – 5c
void CMainFrame::OnPaint()
{CPaintDC dc(this);// "this" is a handle for current window
// dc is the "device context" for the window
dc.TextOut(x, y, "hello"); // works for printers or displays
common (this); // call common code and pass the context }
void CMainFrame::OnMove() {
void CMainFrame::common (CWnd * wptr)
{ // have the window ptr (wptr), but not always using it

15. Window, Dialog & Control classes
Frame Window
CFrameWnd, CMenu
View –
Represent client area of a frame
Show data, accept input
Cview, CScrollView, form & record, control
Dialog box (modal, modeless)
Cdialog, CDataExchange
Control –
Attached to CFrameWnd or CMiniFrameWnd
Static, text, number, button, list, toolbar, misc
Control bar

16. Framework for a single-document interface Usage
CFrameWnd
Framework for a single-document interface
Usage
Derive a class using CFrameWnd::Create
Add member variables for your data
Implement message handlers
Define a message map
Specifies actions when the window gets a msg

17. Dialog boxes Modal Modeless
Requires user interaction
Blocks program operation until action completed
Mode errors can be caused by:
Caps-lock or Insert key
Focus stealing (user types but nothing happens)
Modeless
No interaction required (e.g.; toolbar)
Note: this happens a lot in Unix/Linux editor, "vi", because mode indicator can be "off".

18. Represent the client area of a frame window
Views
Represent the client area of a frame window
Associated with document class & CFrameWnd
2 types of document views
Cview - base class for app-specific views
CScrollView - base class for scrollable data
CFormView, CRecordView, CHtmlEditView
Control views
CCrtlView, CEditView, CCListView, CTreeView

19. GetWindowRect Win32API version MFC version:
BOOL WINAPI GetWindowRect ( HWND hWnd,  LPRECT lpRect );
note: TWO parameters, lpRect is a struct
MFC version:
void GetWindowRect ( LPRECT lpRect  ) const;
note: one parameter, lpRect is a class (a Crect object)

20. Document/View Architecture
Display of data should be independent of the data
May need to have different ways to look at the data
CDocument class holds the data
CView manages display and UI
2 kinds of apps:
Single Document Interface
Multiple Document Interface

21. View
Display of the data & a way to display it
Frame window: contains a view of the data
Multiple views possible
But only ONE doc per View

22. tips
SDI application
One frame window derived from class CFrameWnd.
This window is both:
main frame window
and document frame window.
MDI application, the main frame window is derived from class CMDIFrameWnd, and the document frame windows, which are MDI child windows, are derived from class CMDIChildWnd.