1. Space, Place
In these two lessons, we learn about the following geography concepts
Space
Place
Location
Scale
Globalization

2. Space Vs. Place Each student will pages 8-11 in the textbook
As you read take notes over Place and Space.
What is the difference between the two?
What is the difference between site and situation (figure 1C.3)?

3. Space and Place
Space
The physical distance between two places on the earth’s surface.
Place
Refers to how people are aware of/attracted to a certain space.

4. Activity
Each student use a blank sheet of paper from their to complete the following
Draw and label the seven continents
Label all of the oceans
Use your memory do not use any resource
Have fun

5. Scale of analysis
LOCAL -> GLOBAL Common scales include local, regional, national, and global.

6. BEWARE- SCALES (of analysis) CAN LIE.
Somethin’ that seems true at ONE scale might not be from ANOTHER.

7. Large Scale vs. Small Scale
US Income
Texas Income

8. The relation of a feature’s size on the map to actual size.
Scale
The relation of a feature’s size on the map to actual size.
Small scale or small fraction maps show a large area on the earth such as 1/1,000,000.
More distortion
Large scale or large fraction maps show a small area on the surface such as 1/25,000 or 1/1000.

9. Map Scale
Level of detail and the amount of area covered on the map depend on its map scale.
Relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on Earth
Map scale is presented in three ways…
Ratio or Fraction Scale: Ex. 1:24,000 or 1/24,000
Number on left is one unit of distance, while number on right represents same unit of distance on Earth’s surface.

10. Map Scale Written Scale Graphic Scale
Written Scale: Ex. 1 inch equals 1 mile
Number on left is one unit of distance, while number on right represents a different unit of distance on Earth’s surface.
Graphic Scale: Usually consists of a bar line marked to show distance on Earth’s surface
Distance between two points can be overlaid on the scale bar to determine the distance on Earth’s surface.

11. Large Scale-Small Scale
Each student needs to refer back to their hand drawn maps
Each student will listen to the following instructions from the teacher to understand Large and Small Scale scopes

12. How many feet would this be?
If a map has a scale of 1:6000 and you measure a distance between objects of 5 Inches, how many inches would this represent on the map?
How many feet would this be?

13. Increasingly, geographers are concerned with the GLOBAL scale.
Technology has changed our world, bringing people ‘closer’ together and making patterns more routine.

14. Globalization is the ‘shrinking’ of the world- not literally, but in terms of interaction and diffusion.
Interaction between disparate places is becoming more common than ever before.

16. The Dark Side
There are some much-despised elements of globalization. Let’s quickly look at a couple.

17. Economic issues in one part of the world are increasingly likely to cause ‘ripples’ throughout the rest of the system, as economies grow ever more interdependent.

18. Example of economic ‘ripple’ effect:
The ASIAN CONTAGION of 1997

19. CHINESE STOCK MARKET CRASH of 2015
Example #2:
CHINESE STOCK MARKET CRASH of 2015

20. Within days of Chinese markets plummeting, the Dow Jones average- the biggest US stock index- had its biggest single-day fall, ever.

21. A HOUSING BUBBLE is when house prices build up to an unsustainable level. When it ‘pops,’ home values fall and many people are left ‘UNDERWATER.’
This last happened in 2009.

22. Who are the primary agents of GLOBALIZATION?

24. TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS are huge companies that divide their activities between different countries and regions in order to maximize profit.
They remain lucrative by correctly assessing the best location for their activities based on local conditions.

25. TNCs have fostered the establishment of a global division of labor.

27. Economic activities are regionalized – including production and consumption

28. When two regions of Earth each fill a role needed by the other, this is called COMPLEMENTARITY

29. Globalization of Culture
Increasingly uniform cultural preferences produce uniform landscapes of material artifacts and cultural values.
In other words, people all around the world want to have what WE* have- and to live the way WE* live. * the developed world

30. Fast-food restaurants, service stations, and retail chains deliberately create a visual appearance that differs as little as possible.

31. Figure 1-23 GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE McDonald’s has more than 32,000 restaurants in 117 countries. To promote global uniformity of its restaurants, the company erects signs around the world that include two golden arches.

32. Cultural Diffusion
Cultural diffusion or spatial diffusion is the spread of an idea or innovation from its source to other cultures.
Diffusion occurs through the movement of people, goods or ideas.

34. Spatial Interaction
The farther away someone is from you, the less likely you two are to interact with one another
Trailing-off phenomenon of diminishing contact with the increase in distance is called distance decay.

35. Distance Decay Theory
Distance and interaction are inversely proportional
The shorter the distance the more likely an interaction will take place
The longer the distance the less likely interaction will occur
The friction of distance increases with distance
Relative distance-measure in time and cost of travel

36. Space-Time Compression:
Reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place.
KEY element of Globalization.

37. Time-space Compression
Two of the main components of modern time-space compression are transportation and communication.
Example:
1817: freight shipment from Cincinnati to New York City took 52 days
1850: canals and railroads cut that time in half
1852: took 7 days
Today: by airplane (a few hours) and digital information (seconds or less)

38. Time Space Compression
So why does it matter that places feel closer?
Globalization refers to the interconnected nature of the world both socially and economically. Theorists believe that the Internet has essentially eliminated social space and global cities that were once vastly different now intermingle in one space.
It is important to note that cell phones can be found all over the world – not just in wealthy countries.

39. Time Space Compression
please read: Time-Space Compression and Globalization
As you read, take notes over globalization and be prepared for a class discussion Friday during class.
Globalization is a huge concept in Human Geography.