1. IEEE-SA Future Networks - Impact and Role of the IEEE Standardization Efforts
Sri Chandrasekaran
Senior Director, Standards and Technology
IEEE Standards Association
TSDSI Deep Dive Tech Event, IMC 2019, New Delhi

3. What “5G and Advanced Communication Systems” is About

4. 5G Ecosystem
IEEE, like many other organizations, believes that 5G ecosystem is rather large and will cover many different areas:
Not only an evolution of LTE
New services, new technologies, new frequencies (6 GHz), new industries, new business models
Multi connectivity across bands & technologies (carrier aggregation with integrated MAC across sub- 6GHz & above 6GHz, 802.X and macro cells (legacy)
“Rethinking” of fundamental areas used in previous ‘Gs’ (cell architectures, antennas, core networks, etc. -- Is it appropriate to continue to use the word “generation”?)

5. Core Competencies of IEEE
Taking advantage of IEEE’s overall strength with the past and current standards activities, IEEE is in an excellent position to address a number of 5G areas
Small cell and M2M technologies
Dynamic spectrum allocation
Fronthaul and backhaul technologies
IoT
SDN/NFV/NGSON
Cloud Computing
Disruptive Technologies
Vehicle Connectivity ……

6. Identification of Key 5G Characteristics
Massive MIMO
RAN Transmission Centimeter and Millimeter Waves
New Waveforms
Shared Spectrum Access
Advanced Inter-Node Coordination
Simultaneous Transmission Reception
Multi-RAT Integration & Management
D2D Communications
Efficient Small Data Transmission
Wireless Backhaul/Access
Integration
Flexible Networks
Flexible Mobility
Context Aware Networking
Information Centric Networking
Moving Networks

7. IEEE: Standards and Global Collaboration for 5G
IEEE provides a complete, end-to-end, collaborative framework today for accelerating the realization of 5G and its revolutionary use cases tomorrow.
IEEE
standard supported by almost any mobile device in the market today
Mobile Edge Cloud brings SDN/NFV frameworks and data path programmability to the proximity of end users as key enablers for service differentiation
IEEE
WiFi
NGFI
Tactile Internet
eHealth
IoT AR
SoftRAN
+Fog
Open MEC
IEEE 1914/1904
flexible, efficient and scalable packet-based fronthaul transport networks
IEEE 1918
non/mission-critical applications (e.g. manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, mobility, edutainment, events)
SoftRAN is to create a SD RAN flexible enough to control applications with the wireline centric concepts of “fog” in a SD-controller
IEEE 11073
provides a global platform for eHealth stakeholders
IEEE P1589/P1587.6/P1857.9/P Industry Connections
the integration of computer-generated sensory content with the physical world
IEEE P2413 / 1471 / 42010

8. IEEE 802.11 Subgroups Type Group WG & Infrastructure WG WG11
April 2019
doc.: IEEE
IEEE Subgroups
Type
Group
WG & Infrastructure WG
WG11
The IEEE Working Group SC
AANI
Advanced Access Networking Interface (AANI)
ARC
Architecture
COEX
Coexistence
PAR
PAR review
802 SC
JTC1
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC6
Type
Group
Amendments/Revision TG AX
High Efficiency Wireless LAN (HEW) AY
Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) AZ
Next Generation Positioning (NGP) BA
Wake-up Radio BB
Light Communication (LC) BC
Enhanced Broadcast Service (BCS) BD
Enhancements for Next Gen V2X (NGV) BE
Extremely High Throughput MD
Revision (REVmd)
Type
Group
New Work SC
WNG
Wireless Next Generation SG
Various
Study Groups
TIG
Topic Interest Groups
Bruce Kraemer (Marvell)

9. Development of the IEEE 802.11 Standard is ongoing since 1997
May 2011
doc.: IEEE /0483r0
802.11
-2016
11aa
Video Transport
11ae
QoS Mgt Frames
11ac -VHT
>1 5GHz
11ad - VHT
>1 60GHz
11af
TV Whitespace
802.11
-2012
11w
Management
Frame
Security
11k
RRM
11r
Fast Roam
11v
Network
11s
Mesh
11u
WIEN
11y
Contention
Based
Protocol
11n
High
Throughput
(>100 Mbps)
11z
TDLS
11p
WAVE
802.11
-2007
11g
54 Mbps
2.4GHz
11e
QoS
11i
Security
11h
DFS & TPC
11j
JP bands
11f
Inter AP
802.11
-2003
11a
54 Mbps
5GHz
11b
11 Mbps
2.4GHz
11d
Intl roaming
MAC
IEEE
Std
802.11
-1997
1-2
Mbps
The Working Group was established in The first standard was published in 1997 (2.4GHz) supporting 1 and 2 Mbps. Subsequent amendments and revisions have increased radio performance and throughput by orders of magnitude. The b 11Mbps standard was the first to achieve commercial success, with the announcement by Steve Jobs at MACWorld in 2001 that the MACbook would include include radios, along with the Apple Airport. PC vendors followed suit. Describe highlights of each revision.
PHY & MAC
Page 9
Bruce Kraemer (Marvell)

10. Market demands and new technology drive IEEE 802.11 innovation
November 2018
Demand for throughput
Continuing exponential demand for throughput (802.11ax and ay, be)
Most (50-80%, depending on the country) of the world’s mobile data is carried on (WiFi) devices
New usage models / features
Dense deployments (802.11ax), Indoor Location (802.11az),
Automotive (IEEE Std p, Next Gen V2X), Internet of Things (802.11ah)
Low Power applications (802.11ba)
Technical capabilities
MIMO (IEEE Std n, ac, ay) and OFDMA (802.11ax)
60 GHz radios (802.11ay)
Changes to regulation
TV whitespaces (IEEE Std af), Radar detection (IEEE Std h), 6GHz (802.11ax, be)
Coexistence and radio performance rules (e.g., ETSI BRAN, ITU-R)
This summarizes the market demands - what are the market forces and new technology that underpin innovation in
First and foremost, the demand for increased throughput are neve-ending. AX, AY, EHT support this.
Most of world’s mobile data are carried by wi-fi devices that connected to access networks. New usage models and features, motivates new amendments. Such as Dense Deployments, Indoor location, Automotive, Low Power applications.
Increase in technical capabilities also drives new standards. Technologies like MIMO and OFDMA are incorporated into new standards when they are available.
So does changes to regulation that enable development for new standards.
Dorothy Stanley, HP Enterprise

11. New Radio technologies are under development to meet expanding market needs and leverage new technologies
802.11ax – High Efficiency WLAN - 2.4, 5 (and 6) GHz bands.
802.11be – Extremely High Throughput
802.11ay – Support for 20 Gbps in 60 GHz band.
802.11bd – Enhancements for Next Generation V2X, p DSRC evolution
802.11ah – Sub 1GHz operation
802.11az – 2nd generation positioning features.
802.11ba – Wake up radio. Low power IoT applications.
802.11bb – Light Communications
802.11bc – Enhanced Broadcast Service
Here is a list of amendments currently under development.

12. November 2018
802.11ax is focused on improving performance in dense urban environments
Existing WLAN systems serve dense deployments: 2019 Super bowl: 24TB* of data carried on WLAN network
802.11ax aims to further improve performance of WLAN deployments in dense scenarios
Targeting at least 4x improvement in the per-STA throughput compared to n and ac.
Improved efficiency through spatial (MU MIMO) and frequency (OFDMA) multiplexing.
Dense scenarios are characterized by large number of access points and large number of associated STAs deployed in geographical limited region
e.g. a stadium or an airport. *
Reference:
AX is the next major MAC PHY that will come to the market. Already some products R&D announced. More be shipped and certified in 2019
Primary goal of AX is to improve the performance of wireless LANs in dense scenarios. Targeting at least 4x improvements in the throughput per client device over n and ac.
Technologies used are MU-MIMO and OFDMA
Access to Internet, latest airlines’ announcements, and digital media such as movies and sport events
Stephen McCann, Blackberry

13. Categories of Enhancements
Outdoor / Longer range
Power Saving
High Density
Spectral Efficiency & Area Throughput
8x8 AP
1024 QAM
25% increase
in data rate
OFDMA
Enhanced delay
spread protection-
long guard interval
Scheduled sleep and wake times
20 MHz-only clients
Spatial Reuse
DL/UL MU-MIMO
w/ 8 clients
0.8us 11ac
1.6us 11ax
Extended range packet structure
3.2us 11ax
2x increase
in throughput ac ax
Up to 20%
increase
Long OFDM
Symbol

14. 802.11be is a new amendment that builds on 802.11ax
12/1/2019
802.11be is a new amendment that builds on ax
Extremely High Throughput (EHT)
Higher throughout – up to 30 Gbps
Support for low latency communications
Operations in 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands
Targeted completion in 2023
Use Cases:
AR/VR
4K and 8K video streaming
Remote office
Cloud computing
Video calling and conferencing
2016 KEA-IEEE Seminar: Vision of Future Technology in 5G and Wi-Fi

15. Additional Spectrum in 6GHz for 802
Additional Spectrum in 6GHz for /Wi-Fi operation is under regulatory review
There is a need for additional unlicensed spectrum, as identified in Wi-Fi Alliance Spectrum Needs Study
A significant Global Regulatory advocacy is underway
US: FCC Part 15 regulations (R&O in late 2019/early 2020)
Europe: EC Decision/National Regulations in MHz
Report A: Assessment of compatibility and coexistence (March 2020)
Report B: Harmonized technical conditions (July 2020)
APAC: National Regulations (AUS, NZL, J, KOR, VET, MLS, INS, others)

16. 802.11ad 60 GHz radio technologies are in the market today
Data rates*
11ad amendment published in 2012, 11ay amendment expected in 2020 Supports short range, very high speed communications Provides multi-gigabit performance for in-room connectivity WiGig Wireless Docking stations on the market now From :
MCS
Data Rate
(Mb/s) 1
385 2
770 3
962.5 4
1155 5 6
1540 7
1925 8
2310 9
2502.5
9.1
2695 10
3080 11
3850 12
4620
12.1
5005
12.2
5390
12.3
5775
12.4
6390
12.5
7507.5
12.6
8085
802.11ad in 60 G Hz was published in Goal to support relatively short range, high speed communications. Multi Gbps performance.
Some of the data rates are shown on the table on the right. Some provides up to 8 Gbps. With majority over 2 Gbps.
*SC data rates as proposed to be modified in TGmc, see / m-base-mcs-and-length- calculation-for-extended-mcs-set.docx

17. 60 GHz Fixed Wireless Use Case: Affordable 5G Performance
“the 14 GHz of contiguous spectrum in the band offers more bandwidth than any other licensed or unlicensed mmWave band. Further, the 60 GHz band has chipsets and technology currently available on the commercial market.”
“In the U.S., unlicensed mmWave frequencies available for 5G primarily cover the band from 57 – 71 GHz, called the V-Band, or 60 GHz band. This band offers 14 GHz of contiguous spectrum, which is more than all other licensed and unlicensed bands combined. This makes the 60 GHz band an excellent alternative to licensed mmWave frequencies for smaller providers, as it can be used to deliver 5G performance for the minimal cost of available 60 GHz infrastructure products.

18. 60 GHz Mesh Backhaul Wireless Use Case: Deploying Today
“Leading Wi-Fi and wireless network solution vendor Cambium Networks announced today that they will be incorporating Facebook’s Terragraph technology into a new series of Cambium Networks 60 GHz radio products called cnWave™. The news comes as Terragraph appears to be ramping up go-to-market activities with trials underway in Hungary and most recently in Malaysia.”
“Terragraph is essentially a 60 GHz-based meshed (or multi-hop, multi-point) backhaul radio system for deployment at street level in cities.”

19. 60 GHz Worldwide Spectrum
Worldwide, unlicensed, spectrum availability
4 bands available in EU and Japan
Recently expanded spectrum in U.S. from 57 – 71GHz, additional countries also considering expansion
57.00 GHz
71.00 GHz
U.S. (57.00 GHz – GHz)
South Korea (57.00 GHz – GHz)
Japan (57.00 GHz – GHz)
Australia (59.40 GHz – GHz)
China (59.00 GHz – GHz)
Channel 1
Channel 6
Channel 5
Channel 3
Channel 2
Channel 4
EU (57.00 GHz – GHz)
59.40 GHz
68.04 GHz
65.88 GHz
63.72 GHz
61.56 GHz
70.2 GHz
57.24 GHz
Australia consultation to extend to upper bands

20. 12/1/2019
802.11ay is defining next generation 60 GHz: increased throughput and range
20Gbps+ rates are defined
License- Exempt bands above 45Gbps
Completion in 2020; First chipsets announced
Use Cases:
Ultra-Short Range
8K UHD - Smart Home
AR/VR and wearables
Data Center Inter Rack connectivity
Video / Mass-Data distribution
Mobile Offloading and MBO
Mobile Fronthauling
Wireless Backhauling (w. multi-hop)
Office Docking
Fixed Wireless
Key additions :
SU/ MU MIMO, up to 8 spatial streams
Channel bonding
Channel aggregation
Non-uniform constellation modulation
Advanced power saving features 20
2016 KEA-IEEE Seminar: Vision of Future Technology in 5G and Wi-Fi

21. 802.11bd defines an evolution of 802.11p for V2X
802.11p is largely based on a.
802.11bd defines MAC/PHY enhancements from n, ac, ax, to provide a backwards compatible next generation V2X protocol.
Higher Throughput
OFDM frame design
Higher MCS, LDPC coding
Packet aggregation
Longer Range
Mid-amble design
Repeated transmission mechanism
More robust channel coding
Support for Positioning
Backward Compatibility
Backward compatible frame format design, Version indication
Longer Range
Higher Throughput
Backwards Compatibility
Positioning

22. IEEE Std 802.11ah-2016 enables Wi-Fi for M2M and IoT applications
The role of WiFi in 5G networks
12/1/2019
IEEE Std ah-2016 enables Wi-Fi for M2M and IoT applications
Bandwidth
150Kbps – 4Mbps
650Kbps – 7.8Mbps
1.35Mbps – 18Mbps
2.9Mbps – 39Mbps
5.8Mbps – 78Mbps
PHY Rate
16 MHz
8 MHz
4 MHz
2 MHz
1 MHz
Long range indoor/outdoor connectivity up to 1 km, over 8K clients per AP
Robust connections for superior penetration through walls and other obstacles in home and industrial environments
Low power consumption for multi-year battery operation
Bidirectional monitoring and control of IoT client devices enable over the air software updates
Moderate data rates support IETF TCP/IP, discovery protocols
WFA is defining the Wi-Fi Certified HaLow certification program
Japan: ah Promotion Council
New market entrants emerging to develop the technology
April 2019
IEEE 802

23. 802.11ah use cases are broad: Consumer, Industrial, Agricultural
November 2018
802.11ah use cases are broad: Consumer, Industrial, Agricultural
Industrial Automation
Smart robots with local imaging
Agriculture, Horticulture, City farming
Large number of devices supported
See
Process Automation
Predictive maintenance, logistics, inventory tracking
Healthcare in hospital and home settings
Home and Building automation
Energy and asset management
Remote operation/self diagnosis
Whole home coverage for battery operated sensors
Retail: Electronic shelf labels 23
April 2019
Stephen McCann, Blackberry

24. Sub 1 GHz Spectrum availability in various countries
Australia (13 MHz), MHZ
China (32 MHz), MHz
Europe (7 MHz), MHz and MHz
Japan (13 MHz), MHz
New Zealand (13 MHz), MHZ
Singapore (8 MHz), MHz and MHz
South Korea (12 MHz), MHz and to MHz
USA (26 MHz), MHz
MHz is also available in Canada and countries in South America, i.e. ITU Region 2, with some exceptions

25. 802.11az Next Generation Positioning
12/1/2019
802.11az Next Generation Positioning
Next Generation Positioning P802.11az project is the evolutionary roadmap of accurate location (FTM) appearing first in previous revisions of the standard:
Accurate indoor Navigation (sub 1m and into the <0.1m domain).
Secured (authenticated and private) positioning – open my car with my smartphone, position aware services (money withdrawal).
Open my computer with my phone/watch.
Location based link adaptation for home usages (connect to best AP).
Navigate in extremely dense environments (stadia/airport scenarios).
2016 KEA-IEEE Seminar: Vision of Future Technology in 5G and Wi-Fi

26. 802.11bc – Enhanced Broadcast Services
Enhanced Broadcast Services (eBCS) define broadcast service enhancements within an based network.
Client end devices broadcast information to an AP, e.g. in an IoT environment, to other STAs so that any of the receiving APs act as a access node to the Internet.
Broadcast Downlink
Provides enhanced Broadcast Services (eBCS) of data (e.g. videos) to a large number of densely located STAs. These STAs may be associated, or un-associated with the AP or may be low-cost STAs that are receive only.
Broadcast Uplink
Pre-configured devices (e.g. IoT) automatically connect to the end server through APs with zero setup action required.
Alternatively, low power IoT devices that are in motion, report to their servers through APs without scanning and associating

27. The role of WiFi in 5G networks
12/1/2019
802.11ay, ad (60GHz) and ax (2.4GHz, 5(6)GHz) technology can be leveraged to meet 5G requirements
802.11ax 8Gb/s (OFDMA, U/L MU-MIMO) 5G Hotspot Mobile Broadband
Today’s 4G networks include technologies
For offload: “More traffic was offloaded from cellular networks (on to Wi-Fi) than remained on cellular networks in 2016” (Cisco VNI)
For Wi-Fi calling
Wi-Fi carries most public & private Internet traffic worldwide
Between 50-80% depending on country.
5G radio aggregation technologies will natively incorporate Wi-Fi
802.11/Wi-Fi is a Peer Radio Access Technology in the 5G Architecture
802.11ay/aj 60GHz n*20Gb/s (Aggregation+MIMO) Device connectivity
802.11ah (Sub 1 GHz) ba 900 MHz Indoor IoT PANs Wearables, sensors, smart home
2016 KEA-IEEE Seminar: Vision of Future Technology in 5G and Wi-Fi

28. Month Year
November 2018
802.11ax simulations towards IMT-2020 requirements - Dense Urban & Indoor Hotspots Usecases
802.11ax simulations were performed using the configuration and methodology specified by ITU-R for self evaluating a RAT for IMT-2020 compliance.
Simulations were performed for the downlink of the Indoor Hotspot test environment. Simulation results for the uplink and for Dense Urban will be presented at the subsequent meetings.
The simulations show that even with conservative assumptions, ax downlink in its currently standardized configuration, is able to comfortably satisfy the 5%ile Spectral Efficiency and Average Spectral Efficiency requirements for Indoor Hotspot.
The 5%ile User Experienced Data Rate is derived analytically from 5%ile Spectral Efficiency, while the Area Traffic Capacity is derived analytically from the Average Spectral Efficiency.
So, 3) and 4) together mean that ax downlink satisfies the 5%ile Spectral Efficiency, 5%ile User Experienced Data Rate, Average Spectral Efficiency and Area Traffic Capacity requirements for Indoor Hotspot.
The remaining metrics of Peak Spectral Efficiency and Peak Data Rate have to be evaluated analytically per the ITU-R methodology
Conclusion: ax DL even in its currently standardized form satisfies the IMT-2020 requirements for Indoor Hotspot.
November 2018
John Doe, Some Company

29. IEEE Standards enabling 5G
1609 Series - IEEE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)
P211 - Standard Definitions of Terms for Radio Wave Propagation
P149 - Recommended Practice for Antenna Measurements
IEEE Recommended Practice for Near-Field Antenna Measurements
IEEE P Recommended Practice for Estimating the Uncertainty In Measurements of Modulated Signals for Wireless Communications with Application to Error Vector Magnitude and Other System-Level Distortion Metrics
IEEE P Recommended Practice for The Usage of Terms Commonly Employed in the Field of Large-Signal Vector Network Analysis
IEEE P1785 IEEE Frequency Bands and Waveguide Dimensions
IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head from Wireless Communications Devices: Measurement techniques
IEEE P1857.6™ - Standard for Digital Media Content
IEEE P1857.9™ - Standard for Immersive Visual Content Coding
IEEE DASC – Design Automation Standards (IEEE 1666, IEEE 1800, IEEE , IEEE 1801, …)

30. IEEE Standards enabling 5G
IEEE P Content Delivery Protocols of Next Generation Service Overlay Network (NGSON)
IEEE P Service Composition Protocols of NGSON
IEEE P Self-Organizing Management Protocols of NGSON
IEEE P Architectural Framework for the Internet of Things
IEEE P Standard for Packet-based Fronthaul Transport Networks
IEEE P SDN and NFV Security
IEEE P SDN and NFV Performance
IEEE P SDN and NFV Reliability
IEEE P Tactile Internet
IEEE P Haptic Codecs for the Tactile Internet
IEEE P SDN Bootstrapping Procedures
IEEE P Recommended Practice for (SDN) Middleware: Recommended Practice for Software Defined Networking (SDN) based Middleware for Control and Management of Wireless Networks
IEEE Architectural “ROOF ”Framework for the IoT
IEEE P287 - Standard for Precision Coaxial Connectors at RF, Microwave and Millimeter-wave Frequencies
IEEE P Harmonization of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices and Systems
IEEE Standard: Architecture for Low Mobility Energy Efficient Network for Affordable Broadband Access

31. IEEE Standards Impact Smart City Technology

32. and cellular radio technologies are largely complementary in meeting the comprehensive 5G service vision
WLAN access is integral part of the into the 5G system architecture developed by 3GPP
5G architecture is a functional based architecture
This provides the flexibility that both core network anchoring and the RAN based anchoring from 4G system are seamlessly supported in 5G system architecture
defined technologies – 2.4/5/6/60GHz and cellular radio technologies are essential – and largely complementary - in meeting the comprehensive 5G service vision

33. Co-existence of IEEE and 3GPP Technologies

35. Thank You!