1. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

2. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Essential Question
What are the structures of the muscular system?
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

3. 3 Main Functions: Responsible for ALL body movement.
Responsible for body form and shape (posture).
Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature.
What happens when we get cold?

4. The Muscular System Comprises nearly half our weight.
Over 650 muscles.
Each muscle is made up of hundreds or thousands of muscle fibers. (muscle cell)

5. The Muscular System: Muscle Fibers
Bundles of threadlike structures called myofibrils
Composed of:
Myosin
Actin
Form an overlapping pattern called
A sarcomere,
and is the
Muscle---- muscle fiber-- Sarcolemma-- sarcomere
functional unit of muscle movement
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

6. Structures of the muscular system
Muscles
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Sphincter
Connective tissue
Tendons
Fascia
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

7. Structures of the muscular system
Types of muscle
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Sphincter
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

8. Structures of the muscular system
Types of Muscle
Skeletal muscles
Attached to bone
Striated (striped) appearance
Voluntary control
Multinucleated muscle cell bundles
Contract Quickley, fatigue easily, can’t maintain a contraction for a long period of time

9. Structures of the muscular system
Types of Muscle
Smooth muscles
Also known as visceral muscles
(organs) (remember visceral & parietal membranes)
Involuntary-controlled by ANS(Autonomic Nervous System) Act slowly, DO NOT tire easily, can maintain a contraction for a Long period of time.
Located in walls of internal organs, ie: stomach,intestines,uterus & blood vessels

10. Structures of the muscular system
Types of Muscle
Cardiac muscle
Found only in the heart, Duh!!
Striated, branched
Involuntary, Duh again!!
Cells are fused- when one contracts, they all contract, creating the heartbeat
Must have a continuous supply of oxygen or cells start to die w/in 30 seconds.
What is this called?

11. Structures of the muscular system
Types of Muscle
Sphincter muscles
Also called dilator muscles
Special, circular muscles. Open & Close to allow passage of substances.
Located in the
digestive system-mouth, stomach/sm. Intestine,anus
urinary system-urethra

12. Structures of the muscular system
Types of Muscle
Skeletal- ? Voluntary or involuntary
Smooth- “
Cardiac- “
Sphincter- “
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

13. Structures of the muscular system
Types of Connective tissue
What do they do?
Tendons
Fascia
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

14. Structures of the muscular system
Connective tissue
Tendons
dense bands that connect skeletal muscle to the bone
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

15. Structures of the muscular system
Connective tissue
Fascia
Fibrous connective tissue sheets that wrap around muscle bundles
“muscle covering”

16. How do skeletal muscles get their names?
Location
Location of origin and insertion
Size
Action flexor
Direction
Extensor
Number of origins
Depressor
However,
not all muscles are named by the above methods!

17. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Head & Neck Muscles
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

18. Torso/Trunk (anterior)
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

19. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Torso/Trunk
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

20. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Torso/Trunk
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

21. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Upper extremities
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

22. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Lower extremities
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

23. The muscular system review Anterior view
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

24. The muscular system review Posterior view
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

25. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system Essential Question
What are the structures of the muscular system?
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

26. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the Muscular System
1.Characteristics of (ALL) Muscles
A. Contractability –shortens, reduce distance
B. Excitability(irritability)-the ability to respond to stimuli, produces impulses (electric signals” or “action potential”
C. Extensibility-stretched, bending your arm
D. Elasticity-stretch and return to original length when relaxed.(rubber band)

27. Characterisitcs cont’d.
E. Muscle Tone-sl. contracted and ready
1. Atrophy-weak & flaccid (cast)
2. Hypertrophy-enlarged muscles
F. Muscle Fatigue-accumulation of lactic acid--- causes Pain/soreness.
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

28. II. Functions of Muscular System: Review
A. Movement (muscles arranged in pairs)
1. Skeletal System-prime mover (agonist) single direction, & antagonist-opposite direction. (antagonistic pair) pg
i origin-skeletal muscle attached to a fixed structure or bone, moves the LEAST during a muscle contraction. (upper arm)
ii insertion-attached to movable part, part that moves during a muscle contraction (opposite end of origin) (lower arm)

29. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Functions cont’d.
Movement cont’d:
2. Digestive System- moves food/waste along system for absorption and defacation.
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

30. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Functions con’td.
Movement cont’d:
3. Heart- involuntary, cells contract in unison, moves blood thru body
“fibrillation”- random contraction w/o coordination. Risk of bld. Clots
B. Posture -muscles of stomach/back/chest
C. Body Heat -cx’d. by muscle contractions (shivering)
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

31. 3. Disorders of the Muscular System
A. Fibromyalgia- Chronic widespread pain in specific muscle sites; collection of symptoms,*chronic muscle pain/stiffness, fatigue, headache, tingling/numbness, depression. Cx unknown but stress, weather and poor physical fitness affect condition.
B. Hernia -organ protrudes thru a weak muscle; (Hiatal, Abdominal, Inguinal)
C. Muscle Spasms-”Cramp”,sustained or constant contraction, cx’d. by overuse, low K+ or poor circulation.

32. Muscular disorders cont’d.
D. Muscular Dystrophy- Genetic defect, generally occurs in childhood b/t age of 2-5 yrs. muscle cells deteriorate cxing. weakness, loses the ability to walk or sometimes even breathe. By age 9-12 the child is confined to w/c. Eventually muscle weakness affects heart and diaphragm resulting in cardiac and/or resp. failure---DEATH. Life expectancy usually from late teens to early 20’s.
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

33. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Disorders cont’d.
E. Myasthenia Gravis -when connection b/t nerve & muscle is lost, cxes muscle weakness and eventually paralysis of the voluntary muscles. Can be fatal(resp), NO CURE
F. Strain-overstretching or tear of muscle
(Sprain-a stretching or tearing of ligaments)
G. Tendonitis-inflammation of tendon
H. Tetanus “lockjaw”- cxd. by bacterium- cxs an infection.(continuous spasms of voluntary muscles) This is why we need Tetanus shots!!
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

34. Disorders cont’d. Myalgia- muscle pain
Torticollis- inflammation of the trapezious and/or sternocleidomastoid muscles (PAINFUL)
Flat feet “talipes”- weakening of leg muscles that support the arch
Tennis elbow “lateral epicondylitis”- tendon that connects the arm muscle to elbow
Shin splints- injury to muscle tendon in front of shin (tibia)
Rotator cuff- inflammation of a group of tendons that surround the shoulder joint

35. 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system
Treatment
R- rest; stay off injured body part
I- ice; for minutes, every 2-3 hrs for the first 24 hrs.
C- compression (ace wrap); helps to squeeze out fluid and debris from the injured area
E- elevation; helps decrease pain and swelling
1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system

36. 1.05 Essential Questions What are the characteristics of muscles?
What are the functions of the muscular system?
What are common disorders of the muscular system?
How are muscular disorders treated?
How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement?