1. Nematode nervous systems
William Schafer 
Current Biology 
Volume 26, Issue 20, Pages R955-R959 (October 2016)
DOI: /j.cub
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2. Figure 1 Overview of nematode nervous systems.
Key features include a circumoral brain or nerve ring, composed of axonal and dendritic processes, clusters of cephalic neuronal cell bodies (‘ganglia’), a ventral nerve cord containing processes and motor neuron cell bodies, and a dorsal nerve cord and circumferential commissures consisting exclusively of processes. The neuropil (comprising nerve ring and cords) is shown in red, neuronal cell bodies in yellow, muscles in blue, gut in green.
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3. Figure 2 Structures of head neurons and nerve ring.
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies (‘ganglia’) are shown in yellow. The neuropil, including dendrites of cephalic and labial sensilla, nerve ring, and ventral cord, is shown in red.
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4. Figure 3 Somatic neuromusculature.
Nerve cords and commissures are shown in red; somatic muscles are in blue. Muscle arms, processes that extend from somatic muscle cells to form synapses with motor neurons in the ventral and dorsal cords, are highlighted.
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5. Figure 4 Phylogeny of nematodes and related groups.
Species highlighted in blue represent crown clade nematodes with simple, invariant nervous systems and those highlighted in green are basal species with larger nervous systems. Phyla highlighted in yellow are ecdysozoans with circumoral brains and no cephalic ganglia (Cycloneuralia). Phyla in red are ecdyzozoan phyla with more complex brains. Phylogeny based on Holterman, M., et al. (2006). Mol. Biol. Evol. 23, 1792–1800 and Martin and Mayer (2014). Front. Neuroanat. 8, 7. Branch lengths are arbitrary.
Current Biology  , R955-R959DOI: ( /j.cub )
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions