1. Urinary Concentration Capacity, GFR, and Mortality in the General American Population 
Jacob J.E. Koopman, MD, PhD 
American Journal of Kidney Diseases 
Volume 74, Issue 4, Pages (October 2019)
DOI: /j.ajkd
Copyright © 2019 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
The associations of fasting urine concentration with kidney function and mortality in the general American population. Urine concentration was measured as specific gravity in (left) and osmolality in (right).4 Mortality in both cohorts was recorded through As compared with the references of a specific gravity of and osmolality of 500 mosm/kg, differences in eGFR were calculated with linear regression, odds ratios for eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and eGFR ≥ 100 mL/min/1.73 m2 were calculated with logistic regression, and hazard ratios for mortality were calculated with Cox regression. Restricted cubic splines allowed for nonlinear associations. The analyses were weighted according to NHANES’ multistage sampling design. Individuals who were below 18 years of age, pregnant, on dialysis, or had fasted less than 8 hours were excluded. The minimally adjusted model was adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The fully adjusted model was additionally adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, smoking, plasma osmolality, and albumin-creatinine ratio; for the mortality hazard ratios only, the full model also adjusted for eGFR. The shaded area describes the 95% confidence interval of the fully adjusted model. One or more of the covariates of the fully adjusted model were missing for 207 participants in and 264 participants in Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated with the CKD-EPI equation; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2019 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions