1. CITY SCIENCE STARS: Roar of the Crowd

2. A SILENT STADIUM… What sounds do you hear at a football match?
When are there loud sounds?
When will it be quietest?
Stadiums are built so that the sound echoes and many people leave with a ringing in their ears. The sound in a stadium can make a big difference to the footballers on the pitch and the enjoyment of the crowd. The best stadiums in the world are engineered to get the most out of the energy and sound of the crowd. Stadiums can trap and amplify the sound. Stadiums provide surfaces that reflect the sound. Smaller stadiums help amplify the sound … as the sound travels it loses energy, partial roofs help reflect the soundwaves back to the crowd.
Wood and metal also help increase the sound of the crowd as they vibrate more than concrete.

3. A REFEREE AND THEIR WHISTLE
Stadiums are built so that the sound echoes and many people leave with a ringing in their ears. The sound in a stadium can make a big difference to the footballers on the pitch and the enjoyment of the crowd. The best stadiums in the world are engineered to get the most out of the energy and sound of the crowd. Stadiums can trap and amplify the sound. Stadiums provide surfaces that reflect the sound. Smaller stadiums help amplify the sound … as the sound travels it loses energy, partial roofs help reflect the soundwaves back to the crowd.
Wood and metal also help increase the sound of the crowd as they vibrate more than concrete.
A referee has a special whistle so it can be heard above the sounds of the match. In a swimming pool, the guards have higher pitched whistles so they can be heard easier.
An acoustic engineer is consulted to ensure that stadiums create the ‘right sound’ as this can improve the atmosphere in the ground for players and spectators.

4. KING POWER STADIUM
The King Power Stadium does have a lot of atmosphere. The acoustics are very good and both sets of supporters can really make some noise, making for an enjoyable visit.
The acoustics in the King Power Stadium are really good. 32,500 people can sit and enjoy the game. They can clap, cheer, chant and use their thunder clappers.

5. WHAT IS A DATALOGGER? A device that measures Temperature Light Sound
It measures
Temperature in ºC (degrees Celsius)
Light in lx (lux)
Sound in dB (decibels)
Key spacesuit talking points
Pressurised suit to protect astronauts from vacuum of space (causes gas in lungs to expand)
Visor to protect astronauts’ eyes and faces from the strong light and UV rays from the sun
Maximum Absorbency Garment (space nappy) as there are no toilets in space/on the moon

6. COLLECTING DATA Test 1 volume (dB) Test 2 - volume (dB) Test 3 Average
Test 1 volume (dB)
Test 2 -
volume (dB)
Test 3
Average
1 person
2 people
5 people
10 people
For 1 type of sound generation – varying the number of people.

7. COLLECTING DATA 1 person volume (dB) 2 people volume (dB) 5 people
1 person volume (dB)
2 people
volume (dB)
5 people
10 people
Sound 1:
e.g. clapping
Sound 2:
_____________
Sound 3:
Sound 4:
Comparing sound generation types.

8. There is no sound in space
Sound cannot travel through the vacuum.
A vacuum is a space where there is no (or virtually no) ‘matter’ – that is, there are no particles (atoms, molecules). Sound is a form of energy that travels as a ‘compression wave’ of particles that vibrate - they are compressed together then move apart. Without particles to vibrate, the energy cannot pass from one particle to the next and the sound cannot travel.

9. WHAT SCIENTIFIC SKILLS HAVE WE USED?
finding patterns between the volume of a sound and the strength of the vibrations that produced it
taking measurements, using dataloggers, with increasing accuracy and precision
taking repeat readings
the volume of a sound depends on the strength of the vibrations that produced it
that sounds get fainter as the distance from the sound source increases
WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

10. Primary Science Specialist sarah.eames@pstt.org.uk
Alex Evans
LCFC STEM Coach
Sarah Eames
Primary Science Specialist