1. The Soviet Union: Totalitarian State
How do Soviet leaders maintain control?

2. I. Lenin Maintains Power
A. 1922: Lenin reorganizes Russia into the Soviet Union (USSR) & Bolsheviks renamed Communists.
B. To fix bad economy, Lenin starts the NEP – New Economic Plan, which mixes Communism with some Capitalism
1. NEP: state controls large industries & food supply, while smaller business are privately owned
C. Lenin keeps control using the Cheka (secret police)
1. Cheka uses terror tactics against the enemies of Lenin
D. 1923: Lenin suffers a stroke and becomes very ill
1. Lenin’s right hand man, Leon Trotsky was ready to take over

3. C. Stalin also uses Cheka to maintain control
II. The Rise of Stalin
A. Joseph Stalin was the comm. party secretary, uses his connections to influence people  he should take Lenin’s place as leader
1. Before his death, Lenin privately told people that Stalin was a dangerous man that should not be trusted
a. Stalin keeps the info from becoming public and makes it appear that he and Lenin were very close, not Trotsky
B. 1924: Lenin dies, Stalin becomes leader & has Trotsky exiled in 1927
C. Stalin also uses Cheka to maintain control
Good
Bye
Trotsky!
1. Soviet Union becomes a police state
Trotsky
VS.
Stalin

4. Marx vs. Lenin
Read Analyzing Key Concepts page 438 (complete sentences!)
Who owns property in Communism? How is wealth divided? 
What did Karl Marx see Communism as? 
What did Lenin’s view of Communism create?
Marx
Lenin
4. What is the story of history? 
5. Who is the struggle between?
6. What happens with the Proletariat?
7. What happens at the end of the Revolution?
Property is owned by the community and all citizens share in the common wealth, according to their need.
Marx saw communism as the end result of an essential historical process.
Lenin’s view of communism created the USSR- a one party, totalitarian system.
Marx = story of class struggle; Lenin = story of class struggle
Marx = struggle b/t capitalists & proletariat; Lenin = capitalists vs. proletariat & peasants
Marx = spontaneous revolution bc the proletariat’s #s would rise & their conditions so poor; Lenin = professional revolutionaries would step in bc the proletariat & peasants are not capable of leading a revolution
Marx = revolution ends with a “dictatorship of the proletariat” & communal ownership of wealth; Lenin = state needs to be run by a single party with centrally directed administrators to ensure its goals