1. Who is in this picture, what is happening?

2. Women and Minorities during WWII
Day 3
Minorities on the Warfront

3. Minorities in the armed services by numbers.
Army inductions during WWII
The African American inductees made up:
10.9 percent of all registrants inducted into the Army (8,108,531),
10.0 percent of all inductions into the Navy (1,526,250),
8.5 percent of all Marine Corps inductions (188,709) and
10.9 percent of all Coast Guard inductions (15,235).

4. Other minority groups
No other minority accounted for than 1% of the population.
13,311 Chinese,
20,080 Japanese,
1,320 Hawaiians,
44,000 American Indians,
11,506 Filipinos, and
51,438 Puerto Ricans.

5. Segregated Armed Forces
Segregation permeated all aspects of American life during WWII
African-American servicemen were segregated into separate combat groups. They did not fight with white soldiers.
In combined camps, White and African-American soldiers were separate. Housing, Sleeping and eating were all separate.
African-American soldiers were often not allowed on the front lines, but instead given low level jobs most people did not want: cook, quartermaster and grave-digging duty
Segregation in the Armed Forces continued until official policy ended in 1948 with Executive Order 9981.

6. Tuskegee Airmen
Previous to 1940, African American men were not allowed to fly planes in the Armed Forces.
Public pressure from African American press and leaders forced the formation of an experimental group.
A group of African-Americans was selected to be a part of a group that trained in Tuskegee, AL.
Fields used:
Tuskegee Institute’s Moton Field
Army Air Forces’ Tuskegee Army Air Field

7. 99th fighter squadron
First group of African-American fighter-pilots used in battle.
Fought in North Africa, Sicily, Italy.
They did not fight alone, but fought along side white squadrons.
Their success in the air was equal to other squadrons.
Proved that African-American pilots were equal to other fighter pilots

8. After the War
Benjamin O Davis – commander of the Tuskegee Airmen became the first African-American general in the US Army.
Several members stayed on and continued to fight with the US Army.
Colonel Clarence “Lucky” Lester and Colonel Charles McGee also fought in the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
Other members left the unit after the war and became successful businessmen.

9. Navajo Code Talkers
One of the biggest advantages in War, is the ability to communicate without the enemy knowing what your saying.
During World War II, Both Axis and Allied sides tried to coded messages.
Technology and Cyphers were used to send messages, but with enough work these codes could be broke.

10. Navajo Code Talkers
The American Armed Forces recruited Native Americans to operate their messaging systems.
A code was created using native languages (Navajo) to communicate between each other.
These Native-American soldiers were put in charge of front line communication, and use their native languages to communicate with each other.
As these languages were not researched or well known, it was impossible to crack.

11. Examples Here is an example of words that matched up with each word.
Letter
Navajo word
English word C
MOASI
Cat D
LHA-CHA-EH
DOG E
DZEH
Elk I
TKIN
Ice O
NE-AHS-JAH
Owl R
GAH
Rabbit V
A-KEH-DI-GLINI
Victor
Translate the following:
MOASI   NE-AHS-JAH   LHA-CHA-EH   DZEH   GAH   DZEH   MOASI   DZEH   TKIN
A-KEH-DI-GLINI   DZEH   LHA-CHA-EH

12. Where were they used.