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HTML5 and CSS3 Illustrated Unit B: Getting Started with HTML
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Objectives Assess the history of HTML Compare HTML and XHTML
Create an HTML document Set up the document head and body Add Web page text HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Objectives (continued)
Preview your Web page Implement one-sided tags Validate your HTML code HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Assessing the History of HTML
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is responsible for maintaining HTML standards W3C incorporates new features in HTML while keeping the language consistent HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Assessing the History of HTML
HTML = semantic language designing the layout of a page and meaning of the elements Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) = presentational language designing the look of the elements Deprecated features: can still be used but their use is not recommended HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Comparing HTML and XHTML
XHTML came about by making HTML comply with the rules of XML XML and XHTML do not tolerate errors while HTML is more flexible XML can be used to set up other documents (not just web pages) With HTML5 the W3C is improving and expanding XHTML & HTML as more parallel HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Comparing HTML and XHTML
Page 29: HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Creating an HTML Document
HTML document consists of text to be displayed and tags <> Hand code in a text editor (Notepad) Or use a suitable program (Dreamweaver) Most tags occur in pairs, but one-sided tags are used by themselves HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Creating an HTML Document (continued)
Start document with <!DOCTYPE html> declaration Add <html> and </html> tags to define beginning and end of Web page HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Creating an HTML Document
Basic structure of a Web page HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Setting Up the Document
HTML document divided into head and body sections Head: elements that are not part of the main Web page window Body: elements that are visible in the main window of a Web browser Head and body tags are nested within html tags HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Setting Up the Document
For clarity of structure, nested elements are: On new lines Indented by two spaces relative to parent element To add head section: Add <head> and </head> tags in new lines within the html tags HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Setting Up the Document
To add body portion, add <body> and </body> tags in new lines within the html tags Add <meta charset=“utf-8” /> to specify character encoding HTML attributes specify details about the element properties HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Setting Up the Document
Completed Web page structure HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Adding Web Page Text Type the text for the Web page
Add HTML tags to specify the element type for each text item <title> and </title>: text that appears in the Web browser’s title bar <h1> and </h1>: highest level heading <p> and </p>: paragraph of text HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Adding Web Page Text HTML comments add information not shown in the Web browser Comments defined by <!-- … --> HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Title, h1, and p elements entered
Adding Web Page Text Title, h1, and p elements entered HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Previewing Your Web Page
To preview a Web page, open it in one or more user agents Allows page writer to research problems and correct them before publishing Use file manager to open Web page in one or more browsers Note differences in the way the page is displayed in different browsers HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Implementing One-Sided Tags
Some HTML elements, such as line breaks, require a single tag One sided tags are of the form <tag /> <br />: line break HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Implementing One-Sided Tags
HTML document with line breaks HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Implementing One-Sided Tags
Web page displaying line breaks HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Validating Your HTML Code
Code validation: automated process for comparing your code against HTML5 coding standards Useful for identifying the source of a specific problem You can use online tools to validate your code ( HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Summary HTML is a coding language which has standards but is constantly under transformation An HTML document is a text document which defines a structure of the text to be displayed The structure of the text to be displayed is defined by the use of tags HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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Summary (continued) Tags can include attributes which specify their properties Two-sided tags enclose the text that they relate to One-sided tags are for specific occurrences Problems in a Web page can be identified by rendering it in a Web browser or by validating the code HTML 5 and CSS 3 - Illustrated Complete
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