1. Beneficence

2. Moral Principle: Beneficence
Reference: Tom L Beauchamp and James F Childress, 2013, Principles of Biomedical Ethics

3. Moral Principle: Beneficence
The principle of positive beneficence
Protect and defend the rights of others
Prevent harm from occurring to others
Remove conditions that will cause harm to others
Help persons with disabilities
Rescue persons in danger

4. Moral Principle: Beneficence
Calculation of benefit
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)

5. Moral Principle: Beneficence
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
The benefit in non-monetary term
Years of life
Quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)
Cases of disease
Cost per year of live saved
Saving years of life
Determine which is the most cost-effective

6. Moral Principle: Beneficence
Quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)
A measure of health outcome which looks at both length of life and quality of life.
QALY are calculated by estimating the years of life remaining for a patient following a particular care pathway and weighting each year with a quality of live score.

7. Moral Principle: Beneficence
Quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)
1 Year of life x 1 Utility = 1 QALY

8. Moral Principle: Beneficence
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
Measures both the benefits and the costs in monetary terms
Offers a bottom line of a benefit-cost ratio stated in monetary figures that express the common measurement.
Different quantitative units (number of accidents, statistical deaths, number of persons treated, etc.)

9. Moral Principle: Beneficence
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
Comparison of program
that save lives with
that reduce disability or accomplish other goals such as public education

10. Risk Assessment
Risk Management Handbook, Adelaide.edu.au

11. Risk Assessment Major Minor High 1 2 Low 3 4 Magnitude of Harm
Probability of Harm
High 1 2
Low 3 4

12. Moral Principle: Beneficence
Risk-benefit analyses
Risk perception

13. Moral Principle: Beneficence
Problems of Medical Paternalism
Soft and Hard Paternalism
Paternalistic policies
Paternalism justified by consent
Paternalism justified by prospective benefit
Justified hard paternalism

14. Discussion!