1. Simulating video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: A virtual reality cognitive task simulation 
Brian Solomon, MD, Costas Bizekis, MD, Sophia L. Dellis, BA, Jessica S. Donington, MD, Aaron Oliker, MSc, Leora B. Balsam, MD, Michael Zervos, MD, Aubrey C. Galloway, MD, Harvey Pass, MD, Eugene A. Grossi, MD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 141, Issue 1, Pages (January 2011)
DOI: /j.jtcvs
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2. Figure 1
Initial simulation approach showing the patient in the left lateral decubitus position with the right arm extended to expose the right chest. The trainee is now ready to select a site for trocar and thoracoscope insertion. The image also shows the integration of didactic education and testing built into the simulation platform.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
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3. Figure 2
Segmented underlying pulmonary vasculature and bronchial anatomy built into the system. The most common anatomic variant of pulmonary anatomy is demonstrated.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
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4. Figure 3
Use of the endo-dissection tool for mobilizing the lung tissue and exposing underlying vasculature.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
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5. Figure 4
Use of the thoracoscopic stapler for dividing the pulmonary vasculature and bronchial tissue.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
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