1. Business Calculus
Integration by Substitution

2. 4.5 Substitution Method: The ‘anti-chain rule’
To find an antiderivative for a function which is the result of
a chain rule derivative, we must find a way to undo the chain
rule. We accomplish this through a substitution.
Chain Rule:
Let u = g(x) = the ‘inside’ function
Then: and:

3. When working with a definite integral, the limits of integration
must be changed along with all other information.
I.e., they must be changed from x values to u values.
example: So: