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The Planets
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Definition of a Planet IAU definition:
1) orbiting a star or stellar remnant 2) enough mass to be rounded by gravity 3) no fusion reaction at core 4) cleared its own orbit of planetessimals
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Eight Planets The solar system has eight planets
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Terrestrial Planets
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Mercury
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Mercury Orbital radius: 0.38 AU Orbital period: 0.24 a Composition:
large iron core, rocky mantle Atmospheric composition: thin and unstable (low gravity) Mean surface temperature: 340 K
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Mercury Mass: 0.06 Earths Satellites: None
Unique features: Fastest orbital period, strong magnetic field
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Venus
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Venus Orbital radius: 0.72 AU Orbital period: 0.62 a Composition:
unknown, but similar to Earth Atmospheric composition: thick, CO2 and N (93 times thicker than ours) Mean surface temperature: 735 K
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Venus Mass: 0.815 Earths Satellites: None Unique features:
heavy volcanism, low magnetic field
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Earth
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Earth Orbital radius: 1 AU Orbital period: 1 a Composition:
core, mantle, crust Atmospheric composition: just right Mean surface temperature:
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Earth Mass: 1 Earth Satellites: Luna Unique features: I live there
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Mars
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Mars Orbital radius: 1.5 AU Orbital period: 1.9 a Composition:
Iron core, silicate mantle, crust Atmospheric composition: Thin, CO2 and other gasses Mean surface temperature: 227 K
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Mars Satellites: Deimos and Phobos
Unique features: Once had a magnetosphere, red colour caused by iron core, hematite and geological structures suggest there was once liquid water
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Jupiter
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Jovian Planets
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Jupiter Orbital radius: 5.2 AU Orbital period: 11.9 a Composition:
small rocky core surrounded by liquid metallic H Atmospheric composition: hydrogen and helium Mean temperature at 1 bar: 165 K
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Jupiter Mass: 318 Earths Satellites: 63
Unique features: Largest planet, great red spot, has a ring structure
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Jovian Satellites 63 moons, including the Galilean moons:
Io most volcanically active body Ganymede largest moon; magnetic field Europa covered with ice; possible water Callisto heavily cratered; small atmosphere
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Io
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Europa
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Ganymede
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Callisto
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Saturn
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Saturn Orbital radius: 9.5 AU Orbital period: 30 a Composition:
Small rocky core surrounded by liquid H Atmospheric composition: Hydrogen and helium Mean temperature at 1 bar: 134 K
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Saturn Mass: 95 Earths Satellites: 60
Unique features: Pronounced ring system, less dense than water
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Hexagonal polar cloud (Voyager)
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Saturn’s Satellites 60 satellites including:
Titan dense atmosphere, evidence of liquid water
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Titan
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Uranus
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Uranus Orbital radius: 19 AU Orbital period: 84 a Composition:
icy core Atmospheric composition: hydrogen and helium Mean temperature at 1 bar: 53 K
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Uranus Satellites: 27 Unique features: Largest axial tilt (almost on the side … continuous day or night),
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Uranian Satellites 27 including: Miranda water ice surface
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Miranda
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Neptune
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Neptune Orbital radius: 30 AU Orbital period: 165 a Composition:
Icy core Atmospheric composition: hydrogen and helium; trace methane Mean surface temperature: 72 K
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Neptune Mass: 17 Earths Satellites: 13
Unique features: last planet, blue colour from methane
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Neptunian Satellites 13 including:
Triton retrograde synchronous orbit
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Pluto
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Pluto
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HD B
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