2. AGENDA: STUDY NOTES; QUIZ NEXT WEDNESDAY (HISTORICAL MODELS AND BIG BANG) DO NOW:

3. xp(x)v xq(x) xp(x)vq(x)
Prove that the following wff is valid by means of resolution:
xp(x)v xq(x)
xp(x)vq(x)
The purpose of this slide is to help students realize that sometimes we are asked to “learn” that is very hard to understand. Often we do not have the knowledge necessary to make it all “make sense.” That doesn’t mean that a scientist would have a hard time with it!
Why can’t you do this problem?

4. You cannot do these problems because you do not know the math between what you now know and what you would need to know to do the problem!

5. You will have the same problem with understanding the process that scientists call the big bang.
Just because you cannot understand some of what scientists say about the big bang does not mean that scientists do not understand it clearly!
They know the science between what you know and what is needed to be known to understand the big bang!

6. The Big Bang
Theory

8. Think of crime scene investigations!
Did the detectives see the explosion?
No! They have to figure it out from evidence!

9. That is what astronomers do!
They take evidence from space to figure out the science!

10. Edwin Hubble discovered
that the universe
is expanding.

11. If the Universe
is expanding,
at some time
it must have
been concentrated
in a single point.

12. Some sort of “SINGULARITY” (event) occurred to cause the change that formed the universe we have today.
Astrophysicists are struggling with this right now.

13. This event is what scientists call the
"The Big Bang"

14. Not like an explosion
where debris
flies off into
space!

15. expansion of space and time itself,
Instead, it was the
expansion of space and time itself,
and therefore
occurred everywhere
at the same time.
This is the really really hard part to understand.

19. Any galaxies farther than ~ 13.7 billion ly away we cannot see!
Why: because the light hasn’t had time to get here!!!

20. Astronomers think that answer is yes. We just can’t see them.
Are there galaxies beyond what we can see?
Astronomers think that answer is yes. We just can’t see them.
Of course you would not expect students to memorize “cosmic particle horizon” but it is such a cool term. Everything outside the horizon cannot
be perceived by us.

21. What evidence do
we have supporting
the Big Bang?

22. Abundance of Light Elements
is one piece of evidence that supports the Theory

23. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

24. As astronomers look into the universe and measure the ratios of the elements, the amounts match what it would have been like if the Universe was once a really big star
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

25. Red shift of Galaxies
is the evidence for this expansion.

26. Red shift is is a form of the Doppler Effect.
Sound shows Doppler effect too! Click on this picture to experience the Doppler effect.
Click on the picture and have your sound on to here the Doppler effect!

27. red shift
What you just heard was the Doppler effect with sound. Red shift is the Doppler effect with light.
If you are connected to the server, click on the hyperlink for an explanation of red and blue shift.

29. Notice that the line groupings are the same – only shifted red.

31. From our position in the universe, it looks like we are the center because everything appears to be moving away from us.
But we are not
in the center.

32. As a balloon gets larger every point moves away from every other point.

33. If your galaxy was a raisin, notice that every raisin is moving away from every other raisin. In fact, a raisin far away from you is moving away faster than those that are closer. Our expanding universe acts the same way.

34. The third piece of
evidence is
Cosmic
Microwave
Background
Radiation! (CMB)

35. This is energy “left
over” from the
Big Bang.
-discovered in the
early 1960’s.

37. This is like an oven that was used to make cookies
This is like an oven that was used to make cookies. The cookies are not visible but the smell is there (evidence) and when you open the oven door there is just a little bit of heat still there (another piece of evidence).

38. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

39. What are the three pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang Theory that we discussed?
Video clip of the big bang

41. Doppler Effect (light abundance)
Redshift of galaxies
Cosmic
Background Radiation