1. Reading Comprehension
Our long term goal is to have students who do not stop reading when the reading class is over

2. Top-down reading instruction
Reading begins with reader background knowledge of
people, places, events, and activities
Comprehension
Top-down reading instruction

3. Bottom-up reading instruction
Comprehension
Knowledge of individual sounds, letters, and words
Bottom-up reading instruction

4. Birch (2007) Hypothetical Model of the Reading Process (p. 3)
Processing Strategies
Knowledge Base
Cognitive Processing Strategies
Inferencing
Predicting
Problem-solving
Constructing meaning
World Knowledge
People
Places
Events
Activities
TEXT
Language Processing Strategies
Chunking into phrases
Accessing word meaning
Word identification
Letter recognition
Language Knowledge
Sentences
Phrases
Words
Letters
Sounds
Birch (2007) Hypothetical Model of the Reading Process (p. 3)

6. Pre-reading or appetizer
What are the main goals of pre-reading?
How can we achieve these goals?

7. Suggested Strategies/ techniques
Main Purpose/s
Suggested Strategies/ techniques
To activate background knowledge
(both world an word knowledge)
brainstorming through concept/mind maps
To motivate the Ss or whet their appetites
A short role play or pantomime related to the theme of the lesson
Watching a related movie
Showing some pictures
To Set the context (i.e. Where and when is the listening occurring? who is talking to whom and about what?)
Drawing students’ attention toward the picture or title of the lesson
Tell your students what they are going to read and what the objective of the task is
Note that Impact Page, Get Ready, and New Words and Expressions also serve the functions of pre-reading.
Pre-teaching some of the
key forms (i.e., words, phrases etc.)
Researching (i.e.,
looking up a word in a dictionary, surfing the net etc.)
prediction: Getting the students to predict the events in the text.

8. A mind map
where
Endangered animals
names
How
who

9. Showing a related movie
Worksheet
Which animal are they talking about?
Where does the animal live?
How many of them are alive now?
What does Ms. Ebtekat say?
What does the ranger say about the animal?

10. While-reading or the main dish
What are the main objectives of while listening?
How can we achieve these objectives?

11. Suggested Strategies/ techniques
Main Purpose/s
Suggested Strategies/ techniques
1. To expose students to comprehensible input
Get the students’ to transform the text into a list, flowchart, table, etc.
2. Comprehension
offers opportunities for students to extract and construct meaning through interaction and involvement with written language
Pair/Group work
Running and reading
Jigsaw reading
3. to contextualize target words and grammar of the lesson; also, previous forms are recycled.
Divide the class into group; some should formulate questions, while the others should answer them.

12. A mind map to be completed

13. Post-reading or dessert
What are the main goals of post-reading?
How can we meet the objectives?

14. Main Purpose/s Suggested Strategies/ techniques
To checking students’ comprehension
Asking different types of questions such display, inference and opinion
To focus on form (to draw students’ attention to some forms, especially those related to the theme of the lesson)
For example, The teacher ask the students to find the words or phrases related to the topic/theme of the lesson.
Evaluation (i.e., the students learn about their strength and weaknesses during listening. Also, the teacher can identify students’ listening problems)
The teacher can ask students to talk/write about the problems they had during listening (problems with words, structure, accent, pronunciation, background knowledge, rate of speech) (This objective can be sought either through English or Persian.)
To enhance learners awareness of helpful reading strategies
Group/pair work: students share the ways or strategies they used to induce the gist of the lesson (e.g., paying attention to key words)
Whole class: The teacher can collect the strategies the students share in group work and then complement them. (Refer to TG for a nice list of strategies)
Summarizing texts