1. How is Sound produced? By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
21/11/2019
How is Sound produced?
By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
Explain how sound is made.
Describe how sound reaches our ears.
Use the particle model to explain this
Key words: (Can you think what they might mean?)
Vibration
Propagation
-Write down objectives, key words and the date
-Underline all of your work today’s title, lesson

2. What are waves? transverse longitudinal Waves transfer energy
They can be transverse or longitudinal:
transverse
longitudinal
The motion of the wave is at a right angle to the direction of the wave
The motion of the wave is in the same direction as the wave

3. Copy this diagram and annotations 1) – 3).
Air molecules
1) An object makes a sound by vibrating
2) The vibrations pass through air by making air molecules vibrate
3) These vibrations are picked up by the ear
Copy this diagram and annotations 1) – 3).
ADD to each part as much information as possible from page You must include the words: compression/rarefaction or decompression/molecules/wavelength/frequency/high and low pressure/longitudinal
This is a revision slide of material that they should be familiar with but the aim is more to get them to use the correct language/ reminded of

4. In your book pick one and explain how it produces sound

5. Speed of Sound
Sound travels by particles vibrating. To understand this better you need to remember what the particles look like in a solid, liquid and a gas:
solid
liquid
gas
Which state does sound travel fastest through? Why?
Sound travels fastest through solids because the particles are closer together than in a liquid and a gas, so the vibrations are more easily passed from particle to particle.
In which state are the particles closest together?
solid
In which state are the particles furthest apart?
gas

6. Air (330 metres per second)
How fast?
Air (330 metres per second)
Water (1500 metres per second)
Wood (3850 metres per second)

7. Speed of Sound Sound in a Vacuum Write down:
Speed of Sound in Air = 330m/s
Write down:
What you heard in the demo.
Explain why this happened.

8. Check your learning. Do you now understand:
21/11/2019
Check your learning. Do you now understand:
How sounds are made?
How they reach our ears?
How fast sound travels in different media?
The difference between pitch and intensity?
How to describe a wave?

9. 21/11/2019
Hearing and Noise
By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
Explain how the ear works?
Know if a chicken can hear as well as a dog?
How you can damage your hearing.
Key words: (Can you think what they might mean?)
Audible
Noise pollution
-Write down today’s title, lesson objectives, key words and the date
-Underline all of your work

10. What does the caption say?
21/11/2019
What film is this?
What does the caption say?
Let’s watch the trailer…
Think about why……

11. Intensity: loud or soft
Pitch and Intensity
Pitch: high or low
Intensity: loud or soft
Copy then hand out white boards for the following quiz type slides.

12. Mouse
Rock Concert
Thunder
Cat Purring

13. Recap of what happens when you vary the parameters.

14. Put it all together!!!
Match the oscilloscope traces to the source of the sound. B C D A
1. A flute playing a single clear note
Quick quiz.
2. A dog whistle
3. A milk bottle dropped onto a floor
4. A rumble of thunder

15. How The Ear Works
Work through and explain. Get them to re-explain back.

16. 1.Sound waves are collected by the ear lobe or pinna.
6.The auditory nerve
takes the signals
to the brain. 6 4 1 2 3 5
2.The waves travel along the ear canal.
5.The cochlea turns these into electrical signals.
Reinforcing and provide Framework 8Ld3 sheet which is a cut and stick ear hearing sequence.
3.The waves make the ear drum vibrate.
4.The small bones amplify the vibrations.

17. Audible Range
Audible Range = The frequency range over which we can hear.
20Hz – 30,000Hz, for children.
Decreases the older you get, to ~ 20,000Hz.
Check out what they can hear at
If you dont have a frequency generator at hand.

18. How loud are sounds? 150 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 10 Personal stereo
Personal stereo
Gunshot blast
Permanent ear damage
Aircraft overhead
Max human voice
Loud bell
A circular saw at 2m
No need to copy
Quiet countryside
Recording studio
Pin being dropped
Can just be heard

19. -measured in Decibels (dB)
Loudness Scale
Could copy this one down if time
-measured in Decibels (dB)

20. Hearing Damage Inner Ear Middle Ear Outer Ear Flattened Cilia
Fluid build-up/an infection
Inner
Ear
Hearing Damage
Middle
Ear
Talk through
Outer
Ear
Perforated ear drum
3-small bones
(fused together)
Wax build-up

21. Audible Range Which goes with which? Dog Mouse Bat Beluga Whale
Chicken
1000Hz to 91,000Hz
125Hz to 2,000Hz
67Hz to 45,000Hz
1000Hz to 123,000Hz
2000Hz to 110,000Hz

22. Audible Range Dog 67Hz to 45,000Hz Mouse 1000Hz to 91,000Hz Bat
Beluga Whale
1000Hz to 123,000Hz
Chicken
125Hz to 2,000Hz

23. Ultrasound By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
21/11/2019
Ultrasound
By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
What is ultrasound?
How is it useful?
Key words:
echolocation
-Write down today’s title, lesson objectives, key words and the date
-Underline all of your work

24. 21/11/2019
What is ultrasound?
Sound waves that have a frequency of above 20,000Hz
There are many uses!
Bat echo location
Dolphins finding fish
Monitoring unborn babies and other soft internal tissue

25. Uses of ultrasound By animals:
Bats – produce ultrasound pulses to detect prey (insects) and to navigate in dim light.

26. Uses of ultrasound By animals:
Dolphins – produce ultrasound pulses to detect prey (fish) and to detect predators. It is possible that they use ultrasound to communicate.

27. Uses of ultrasound Medicine:
Observing unborn babies – ultrasound can image a child in the womb to enable doctors to check their condition before birth.

28. Uses of ultrasound Medicine:
Observing soft tissue damage – ultrasound can image the digestive tract and can be used to break down dangerous accumulations of minerals such as kidney stones

29. 21/11/2019
Spare Slides 29

30. What’s vibrating? Why does it break?

31. How The Ear Works D A C E F B
Sound travels along the ear canal and makes the eardrum vibrate.
The electrical signals travel along the nerves to the brain.
Eardrum vibrations are passed on, and magnified by three small bones.
The ear catches sound and funnels it into the ear canal.
The three bones touch one another and pass on the vibration.
The vibrations turn into electrical signals in the inner ear.
Quick recap quiz
D A C E F B

32. Teaching points:
What is a noise reduction rating?
How do ear plugs work – think in terms of the PM, how does sound proofing in general work etc?
How would you make them have a higher dB rating – do you have to consider differences in pressure inside and outside the inner/outer ear?