2. CLASS 3 – 19/08/19 PROF. DR. DANIEL FERRAZ DISCOURSE STUDIES INTRO – ANGERMULLER ET AL DISCOURSE STUDIES INTRO – JAMES PAUL GEE
DISCOURSE STUDIES

3. CLASS 3 - OUTLINE PART 1 – WHAT IS DISCOURSE? 20’
PART 2 – INTRO – DISCOURSE STUDIES – ANGERMULLER ET AL 20’
PART 3 – INTRO – DISCOURSE STUDIES – JAMES PAUL GEE (IF TIME)20’

4. CLASS 2...RECAP
WHAT WE DID...
PERSPECTIVES ON LANGUAGE (LÍNGUA E LINGUAGEM);
MODERNITY, POST MODERNITY, STRUCTURALISM AND POST-STRUCTURALISM REVIEW
HOW DO THESE VIEWS INFLUENCE AND DETERMINE OUR VIEWS ON DISCOURSE, EDUCATION AND SOCIETY?
IN ORDER TO DO THIS: JIGSAW READING with FERRAZ TEXT

5. DYNAMICS – SHAKE HANDS...

6. Brief comments???

7. DISCOURSE: INTRODUCTION + DEFINITIONS
TEXTO-FONTE: GUIMARÃES, Elisa. Texto, discurso e ensino.São Paulo: Contexto, 2009, p

8. “TRADITIONAL” PERSPECTIVE

9. Definition of Discourse
It is seen under many perspectives:
1) discourse = mediates language and “parole”.
Discurvise levels:
Empty forms (subject/deixis);
Full forms (modalizers).
... Is a set of principles, types, structures in constant transformation and inter- definition fomented by discursive practices.
Linguistic system
Discursive aspects

10. The discourse is the “unit” that integrates two orientations :01
a) Emphasis on the abstract language system; 02
b) Emphasis on LANGUAGE in USE. 03
It can be conceived under two modalities 04

11. The DYNAMICS of Dicourse
AGENTS
LOCATOR
AGENT OF DISCOURSE
ALLOCATOR
“RECEIVER”OF DISCOURSE
DIALOGIC SPACE
SOCIAL DISCOURSE

12. DISCOURSE marks Protagonists Communicative situation
Explicit purposes of the discourse
Discursive events
Collective memory = which is able to recognize/perceive it dialogical relations (poliphony, intertexts, co-texts, interdiscourses).
DISCOURSE marks

13. SE E O TEXTO O DISCURSO FUNCIONAMENTO DO DISCURSO
MANIFESTA-SE LINGUISTICAMENTE POR MEIO DOS TEXTOS; MATERIALIZA-SE NOS TEXTOS
E O TEXTO
É O PROCESSO/PRODUTO PELO QUAL SE DÁ A INTERAÇÃO SE
OS FATOS DA LINGUAGEM TÊM CARÁTER SOCIAL
FUNCIONAMENTO DO DISCURSO

14. Discourse is interaction = communicative event; which produces MEANING EFFECTS (efeitos de sentido) within social functioning.
Discourse = “point” of articulation between linguistic phenomenae and ideological processes.
This interaction view = activity of interaction between subjects who co-construct it (both locutor e alocutário)
This subjects are SITUATED historically.

15. EXAMPLES: as verbal production in...
Sciences;
Literary aesthetics;
Means of communication;
Government;
Political positionings;
Religious institutions;
(from) members of a social class;
A specific historical time.
EXAMPLES: as verbal production in...

16. FOUCAULT = discursive formations
2. A set of utterances/ enunciations – produced by subject positions within social structure
In this sense, discourse is always HISTORICAL provided that it reveals meanings of certain social groups within specific time in history (social, historical, and ideological perspective on discourse)
FOUCAULT = discursive formations

17. LÍNGUA E LINGUAGEM LANGUAGE
Language is the materiality of DISCOURSE = language in TEXTs.
Language = social phenomenon of verbal interaction, produced by means of enunciations.
Language = constituted of and by subjects and pressupposes historical / social conditions.
LÍNGUA E LINGUAGEM LANGUAGE

18. LANGUAGE = activity, inter-subjetive action.
LANGUAGE = interaction - whose members of a Society act upon each other, by establishing social “contracts”.
The linguistic message (TEXT) needs to consider the sociocultural characteristics/background of the allocators and the context of communication.

19. PART 2 – INTRODUCTION ON DISCOURSE STUDIES
DISCOURSE STUDIES READER (ANGERMULLER AT AL)

20. It is not possible to trace the field of Discourse Studies back to one founder, school or field.
EUROPEAN + NORTH AMERICAN THEORIES
(linguistics, sociology, philosophy, literary criticism, anthropology, history…)
DISCOURSE STUDIES

21. HISTORY... DS
Began in the 60s >>> mainly as DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (DA)
70s >> nowadays (other schools)
Peucheux>>> discourse as ideology
Foucault >> discursive formations
Charadeau>>>discourse + media studies

23. DIVERSITY OF SCHOOLS AND PERSPECTIVES
United States, anthropology, sociolinguistics and sociology,
In France, with a background in Marxism and psychoanalysis

24. DIVERSITY: The various types of data, corpora and/or genres
Discourse analysts can work with extensive corpora in order to reveal the meaning structures and communication patterns of large discursive communities.
‘Texts’ do not always designate written data; they can comprise written, oral or non-verbal data.

25. Discourse >>> pragmatic, linguistic >>micro
Discourse>>>socio-historical>>macro

26. DA>>DISCURSIVE PRACTICES, RULES, MECHANISMS
DS>>DISCURSIVE PRACTICES
DA>>RULES, MECHANISMS

27. DOMAINS...

28. LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL

29. DISCOURSE>>>POLYMORPHOUS

30. DS...

31. DA...

32. PART 3 – DISCOURSE STUDIES – JAMES PAUL GEE

33. LANGUAGES (AND LEARNING LANGUAGES) ...FOR COMMUNICATION, YES, BUT
...FOR INTERACTION
...CULTURAL ASPECTS
...SOCIAL
...POWER
...IDENTITIES.
JAMES PAUL GEE

34. GRAMMATICAL-LINGUISTIC-STRUCTURALIST PERSPECTIVES DEFINES...
WHAT IS NORMAL OR NOT
HOW THINGS ARE OR NOT
WHAT IS POSSIBLE OR NOT
WHAT IS CORRECT OR NOT
(GRANTS...
SAFE ZONE OF ACTION)
(reinforces DESIRE TO STAY ON THE RIGHT SIDE)

35. BIG D Discourse x little d discourse

36. BIG D DISCOURSE>>> OFFICIAL , HEGEMONIC, HISTORIAL, INSTITUTIONS
(CHURCH, RELIGION, POLITICS, STATE POLITICS, SCIENCE, MASS-SOCIAL MEDIA, EDUCATION)
Little d discourse>>> LOCAL, NON-HEGEMONIC, FIGHTS HEGEMONY, COUNTERCULTURE, LOCAL INSTITUTIONS
(LOCAL RELIGIONS, NON RELIGION, LOCAL POLITICS, NGOS, ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION

37. IMPORTANT NOTIONS TO BE STUDIED...
LANGUAGE – LÍNGUA E LINGUAGEM... (last class)
FUTURE CLASSES:
DISCOURSE STUDIES X DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
DISCOURSE (MANY PERSPECTIVES)- MOREOVER – WHICH ONES DO YOU RELATE TO??
DISCURSIVE FORMATIONS
IDENTITIES X SUBJECTIVITIES
“MORE” STRUCTURALIST VIEWS ON D
“MORE” SOCIAL-CRITICAL VIEWS ON D
IMPORTANT NOTIONS TO BE STUDIED...

38. Final comments??

39.
Ferraz
End notes

40. NEXT CLASS 4 – PLEEEEEEEEASE READ FAIRCLOUGH!!!!!!!
Themes: What is discourse? (III) – Fairclough
Text 3 - Discourse and social change (FAIRCLOUGH, 1992). Chapter 3: A social theory of Discourse
Complementary texts: Ferdinand de Saussure: The value of the sign (The Discourse Studies Reader). ANGERMULLER, J.; MAINGUENEAU, D.; WODAK, R, 2003).

41. THANK YOU!!!