2. [NO]2 [NO2]2 [NO2]2 K1K2 = x = = K3 [N2] [O2] [NO]2 [O2] [N2] [O2] 2
N2 + O2 2NO K1 = 2.0 x NO + O2 2NO2 K2 = 6.4 x 109 N2 + 2O2 2NO2 K3 = ????
[NO]2
[NO2]2
[NO2]2
K1K2 = x = = K3
[N2]
[O2]
[NO]2
[O2]
[N2]
[O2] 2
2.0 x x 6.4 x 109 = 1.28 x 10-15

3. 2NO + O2 2NO2 Kc = 6.4 x 109 2NO2 2NO + O2 Kc = ?
“K prime” 1
K’c = =
1.6 x 10-10 Kc

4. 2NO + O2 2NO2 Kc = 6.4 x 109 4NO + 2O2 4NO2 Kc = ?
“K double prime” 2
K’’c = =
4.1 x 1019 Kc

5. 2NO + O2 2NO2 Kc = 6.4 x 109 NO + ½ O2 NO2 Kc = ?
“K triple prime”
K’’’c = =
8.0 x 104 Kc

6. [O2] [CO] [CO2] [O3] K = [CO2] [x] [O2] [x] = 16 K = [O3] [9] [CO]
O3 + CO CO2 + O2 Rxn has K=16 Starts with 9 O3 & 12 CO
[O2]
[CO]
[CO2]
[O3] K =
[CO2]
[x]
[O2]
[x] = 16 K =
[O3]
[9]
[CO]
[12]
Values NOT at equilibrium!!

7. Initially NO PRODUCTS…
O3 + CO CO2 + O2
Reactants 9 12 + -
Initially NO PRODUCTS…
Rxn MUST move FORWARD
Products
9-x
12-x +x +x
(x)
(x) = 16
(9-x)
(12-x)

8. [x]
[x] = 16
[9-x]
[12-x]
0 = 15x x
x = 8 or 14.4

9. If amount is not stated… assumed ZERO in most cases
[NOCl]o = 1.0 M Kc = 1.6 x 10-5
If amount is not stated… assumed ZERO in most cases
2 NOCl NO + Cl2
Initial
1.0 M
-2x
+2x +x
Change
1.0 – 2x 2x x
Equilibrium
[NO]2
[Cl2]
(2x)2
(x) = =
1.6 x 10-5 K =
[NOCl]2
(1.0 –2x)2

10. with small K values, you can cross x’s that are “+” or “-”=
1.6 x 10-5
[ ]o is 100 times larger…
with small K values, you can cross x’s that are “+” or “-”
(4x)3
1.0 =
1.6 x 10-5
x = 0.016
@ equilibrium
[NO] =
[Cl2] =
[NOCl] = 2x
= 2(0.016) = M x
= M
1.0 – 2x
= 1.0 – 2(0.016) = 0.97M

11. [NOCl]o = 2.0 M [Cl2]o = 1.0 M Kc = 1.6 x 10-5
2 NOCl NO + Cl2
2.0 M
1.0 M
-2x
+2x +x
2.0 – 2x 2x
1.0 + x
[NO]2
[Cl2]
(2x)2
(1.0 + x) = = K =
1.6 x 10-5
[NOCl]2
(2.0 –2x)2

12. (2x)2 (1.0 + x) = 1.6 x 10-5 (2.0 –2x)2 (1.0) (2x)2 (2.0)2 =
@ equilibrium
[NO] =
[Cl2] =
[NOCl] = 2x
= 2(0.0040) = M
1.0 + x
= ≈ 1.0 M
2.0 – 2x
= 2.0 – 2(0.0040) = M

14. REMOVES “STRESS” from the RXN
can predict how certain changes in a reaction will affect the position of equilibrium
REMOVES “STRESS” from the RXN
Rxn will SHIFT AWAY from the ADDITION and SHIFT TOWARDS the SUBTRACTION

15. CuCl2(H2O)2 + 2H2O Cu(H2O)42+ + 2Cl-
Rxn will SHIFT AWAY from the ADDITION and SHIFT TOWARDS the SUBTRACTION
CuCl2(H2O)2 + 2H2O Cu(H2O) Cl-

16. system will shift away from the added component or towards a removed component
Ex: N2 + 3H2  2NH3
if more N2 is added, then equilibrium position shifts to right
if some NH3 is removed, then equilibrium position shifts to right

17. adding inert or uninvolved gas
adding or removing gaseous reactant or product is same as changing conc.
adding inert or uninvolved gas
increase the total pressure
doesn’t effect the equilibrium position

18. changing the volume decrease V decrease in # gas molecules
shifts towards the side of the reaction with less gas molecules
increase V
increase in # of gas molecules
shifts towards the side of the reaction with more gas molecules

19. all other changes alter the concentration at equilibrium position but don’t actually change value of K
value of K does change with temperature

20. reactant: for endothermic reactions product: for exothermic reactions
if energy is added, the reaction will shift in direction that consumes energy
treat energy as a
reactant: for endothermic reactions
product: for exothermic reactions

21. N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g) + Energy
add NH3
to left
add H2
to right
remove N2
increase temp
to left
decrease volume
to right
add Ne gas
no shift
Increase P
Must produce LESS gas

22. P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) ↔ 4PCl3(l) decrease volume to right increase volume
to left
add P4
remove Cl2
to left
add Kr gas
no shift
add PCl3

23. energy + N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g)
endo or exo?
∆H=181 kJ
endothermic
increase temp
to right
increase volume
no shift
decrease temp
to left

25. N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

27. 2 NOCl NO + Cl2 9 12 -x -x +x +x
9-x
12-x x x

28. Video Quiz Did the lecturer have Glasses or a Mustache?
There was a clipart object during a problem…
House Explosion Plant
Bonus
Element Symbol of element that he pronounces really oddly….