1. Software Configuration Management

2. Why SCM?
The problem:
Multiple people have to work on software that is changing, Need for coordination
More than one version of the software has to be supported:
Released systems
Custom configured systems (different functionality)
System(s) under development
Software on different machines & operating systems
Errors detected in the software need to be corrected
New business or market conditions dictate changes in product requirements or business rules
New customer needs demand modifications of data produced by information systems, functionality delivered by products, or services delivered by a computer-based system
Reorganization or business growth/downsizing causes changes in project priorities or software engineering team structure

3. What is SCM?
Software configuration management is the discipline of managing the evolution of complex software systems [IEEE STD 1987].
It is also defined as ‘the process of controlling and monitoring change to work products’ [Herbert 1999].
A set of management disciplines within a software engineering process to develop a baseline
Software Configuration Management encompasses the disciplines and techniques of initiating, evaluating and controlling change to software products during and after a software project
Software Configuration Management
- manages evolving software systems
- controls the costs involved in making changes to a system.

4. Basic concepts of SCM
Configuration Item (CI): A piece of software or work product which is subject to change is a configuration item
Examples: Management plan, Requirements, Design specification, Source code and executable code, Test specification, data, and records, User documentation, etc.
Versions and Configurations: A version identifies the state of a particular configuration item or a configuration at a well defined point in time
Eg. Windows 7, Windows 8, etc. Here 7 represents the version number.
jdk 1.6 Here 1 refers to Major revision, 6 refers to minor revision
Release: A release is a version that has been available to the user or the client.

5. Basic concepts of SCM Baseline
A collection of item versions that have been formally reviewed and agreed on, a version of configuration
Marks milestones and serves as basis for further development
Can only be changed via formal change management process
Baseline + change sets to create new baselines
Change Request: It is a formal report that contains the request for modification in a configuration item.
Workspace
An isolated environment where a developer can work (edit, change, compile, test) without interfering other developers
Eg: Local directory under version control, Private workspace on the server

6. SCM Activities
SCM activities are formulated to identify change, control change, ensure that change is being properly implemented, and report changes to others who may have an interest
View of SCM from various roles
Project manager -> an auditing mechanism
SCM manager -> a controlling, tracking, and policy making mechanism
Software engineer -> a changing, building, and access control mechanism
Customer -> a quality assurance and product identification mechanism

7. SCM Activities
SCM activities are formulated to identify change, control change, ensure that change is being properly implemented, and report changes to others who may have an interest
View of SCM from various roles
Project manager -> an auditing mechanism
SCM manager -> a controlling, tracking, and policy making mechanism
Software engineer -> a changing, building, and access control mechanism
Customer -> a quality assurance and product identification mechanism

8. SCM Process
Identify all items that collectively define the software configuration (SCIs)
Manage changes to one or more of these items
Facilitate construction of different versions of an application
Ensure the software quality is maintained as the configuration evolves over time
Provide information on changes that have occurred

9. SCM Tasks Status reporting Configuration auditing Version control
CSCI
Identification
Change control
Version control
Configuration auditing

10. SCM Tasks
1. Identification separately names each CSCI and then organizes it in the SCM repository
2. Change control is a procedural activity that ensures quality and consistency as changes are made to a configuration object
3. Version control is a set of procedures and tools for managing the creation and use of multiple occurrences of objects in the SCM repository
4. Configuration auditing is an SQA activity that helps to ensure that quality is maintained as changes are made
- Has the change specified in the ECO been made? Have any additional modifications been incorporated?
- Has a formal technical review been conducted to assess technical correctness?
- Has the software process been followed, and have software engineering standards been properly applied?
5. Configuration status reporting (CSR) is also called status accounting. Provides information about each change to those personnel in an organization. Administrative tracking and reporting of CIs in SCM system
- Answers what happened, who did it, when did it happen, and what else will be affected?

11. Change control process
Submission of Change Request (CR)
Technical and business evaluation and impact analysis
Approval by Change Control Board (CCB)
Engineering Change Order (ECO) is generated stating
changes to be made
criteria for reviewing the changed CI
CI’s checked out
Changes made and reviewed
CI’s checked in

12. SCM Tools Version control Bug tracking Build Project management
RCS, CVS, Subversion, Visual Source Safe, Rational ClearCase
Bug tracking
Bugzilla, Mantis Bugtracker, Rational ClearQuest
Build
GNU Make and many variants, Ant
Project management
Sourceforge.net, freshmeat.net, GForge, DForge

13. aliceCopy :WorkingCopy
Copy/Modify/Merge in CVS
alice
:Developer
joe
:Developer
:Repository
checkout()
checkout()
aliceCopy :WorkingCopy
joeCopy :WorkingCopy
modify()
checkin(ac)
modify()
If changes overlap, CVS Joe resolves the conflict by editing the merged copy .
update(jc)
merge(ac)
checkin(jc)