1. Pig
Turtle
Chicken
Salamander
Human
Fish
A B C D E F

2. Evolution
Scientists have observed that the earth and its organisms have gradually changed over a long period of time. The process of gradual slow change through time is called EVOLUTION.

3. Evidence supporting Evolution
Evolution is supported by the geologic record, fossils, comparative studies in the fields of anatomy, cytology, embryology, and biochemistry.

4. Theory of Evolution Simple organisms evolved into
•Existing life forms evolved from earlier life forms; share a common ancestor.
Simple organisms evolved into
more complex organisms

5. Geologic Record A.k.a. Earth’s timeline
Earth is about 4-5 billion years old!

7. Fossil Record Fossils: - direct or indirect remains of organisms
preserved in rocks,
amber, ice or tar
- can indicate how long
ago an organism existed
Age of a fossil:
- determined by carbon dating or by looking at
the rock layer

8. Questions Which layer contains the oldest fossils?
Which layer contains the youngest fossils?
Which layer contains the most complex fossil?
Which layer contains the simplest fossil?
If the fossils in layer A resemble the fossils in layer B and C, what does this suggest?

9. Comparative Anatomy •comparing body parts
Homologous–
more similar in structure but different in function
Analogous– different in structure but similar in function

10. Q: Which limbs represent homologous structures?
Q: Which limbs represent analogous structures?

12. Comparative Cytology - comparing cell structure/organelles
Prokaryote
-No nuclear cell membrane nuclear
membrane chromosomes membrane
- few organelles - cytoplasm complex
organelles
Q: What organelles do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?
Eukaryote

13. Comparative Embryology
Comparing embryological development
Q: What evidence suggests that all 4 organisms have a common ancestor?

14. Comparative Biochemistry
Comparing the chemistry of living things (proteins, enzymes, hormones, DNA)
Human DNA
A-G-G-C-A-T-A-A-A-C-C-A-A-C-C-G-A-T-T-A
Chimpanzee DNA
A-G-G-C-C-C-C-T-T-C-C-A-A-C-C-G-A-T-T-A
Gorilla DNA
A-G-G-C-C-C-C-T-T-C-C-A-A-C-C-A-G-G-T-A

15. What do you think is the most important form of evidence for evolution?
Comparative Biochemistry (DNA) is most ACCURATE!