1. Overview of Tribes and Tribal Entities as Employers under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

2. Disclaimer
This training material is for informational purposes only and is not intended as tax or legal advice. Please talk with your attorney or tax professional for specific questions related to your Tribe or Tribal entity as an employer.

3. This Training Seven sections to this training:
Overview of Tribes and Tribal Entities as Employers under the ACA
Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP)
Small Business Tax Credit (Tax Credit)
Employer Shared Responsibility
Look Back Measurement Method
Transition Rules
IRS Reporting and Other Requirements

4. Overview of Tribes and Tribal Entities as Employers Topics
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
ACA Employer Provisions
Importance to Tribes and Tribal Entities
Small Businesses v. Large Businesses
Introduction to Counting Employees
Introduction to Determining Full-Time Employees

5. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)

6. The Affordable Care Act
On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA).
The ACA protects the right of all Americans, including American Indians and Alaska Natives, to access affordable health care.
More than 32 million in this country who would otherwise not have health insurance will have access to health coverage.

7. The Affordable Care Act
There are several strategies under the ACA to ensure that everyone has access to the affordable health care by January 1, 2014
Medicaid Expansion
Health care tax credits for individuals and small businesses
Insurance Marketplaces in each state
Major insurance reform
No annual or lifetime limits allowed
A person cannot be denied coverage for a pre-existing condition

8. ACA Employer Provisions

9. ACA Employer Provisions
Provisions related to employers began to take effect in 2010 while other provisions will be phased in through 2018.
Regulations issued by
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
Department of Labor (DOL)
Department of Treasury, Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM)
Regulations will continue to be issued through 2014. ]

10. ACA Employer Provisions At-A-Glance
ACA Provisions
Number of employees
1 to 24
25 to 49
50 to 100
> 200
Small Business Health Care Tax Credit X
Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP)
(may be limited to 50)
IRS Assessable Payments
Automatic enrollment of full-time employees in employer health plan

11. Importance to Tribes and Tribal Entities

12. Why is this Important for Tribes and Tribal Entities?
If a Tribe is considered a “large employer,” it may incur an assessable payment for not providing insurance.
Tribes may be eligible to purchase health insurance through the Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP).
Tribes can strategize to meet ACA employer requirements in a cost effective manner.

13. Importance for Tribes and Tribal Entities
Exemption from some plan rules for employers with:
1. Self-funded plans
2. Large group market plans, and
3. Grandfathered plans
Large tribal employers will likely have one of these exempt plans.

14. Provisions Apply to Tribes and Tribal Entities as Employers
Small Business Health Care Tax Credit
Qualify if 1 to 24 full-time equivalent employees.
Per IRS Guidance, an agency or instrumentality of an Indian tribal government is not eligible for the tax credit unless it is a 501(c)(3).
Other Tribally owned entities may be eligible for the tax credit (e.g., an entity organized under State law).

15. Provisions Apply to Tribes and Tribal Entities (continued)
Small Business Health Options Program (SHOP)
Qualify if up to ≤ 50 employees (or < 100 employees as determined by State).
Tribes and Tribal entities may be eligible to purchase insurance for full-time employees through the SHOP.

16. Provisions Apply to Tribes and Tribal Entities (continued)
Employer Shared Responsibility provisions (i.e., assessable payments):
Applicable to employers with > 50 full-time employees.
Tribal governments and subdivisions of Tribal governments are subject to the Employer Shared Responsibility provisions.
Rules for governmental entities have not been released
Other Tribal entities are subject to provisions
Delayed until 2015.

17. Provisions Apply to Tribes and Tribal Entities (continued)
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), § 18A- Requires automatic enrollment of full-time employees in employer’s health plan:
Applicable to employers with > 201 employees.
Federal courts are divided as to the application of FLSA to Tribal employers.
Compliance not required until regulations are issued.

18. Small Businesses v. Large Businesses

19. Small Businesses v. Large Businesses Summary
Small Business
Large Business
Tax Credits for premiums paid for employee health insurance
Yes No
Assessable Payments (taxes) for not providing affordable health coverage
Can purchase insurance on SHOP
Health plans offered must have Essential Health Benefits (EHB)
Yes – for new plans.
Exempt: large group plans, grandfathered, & self-insured

20. Small Businesses v. Large Businesses Summary (continued)
Small Business
Large Business
Health plans offered must cover dependents (not spouse) No
Yes
Employer must pay portion of premiums for dependents
Health plan offered must cover spouse

21. Introduction to Counting Employees

22. Counting Employees
Different methods are used to count employees for different provisions of the ACA, including:
Small Business Tax Credit
SHOP
State-based (state specific)
Federally-facilitated (same as Employer Shared Responsibility)
Employer Shared Responsibility

23. Counting Employees (continued)
Employer Provisions
General Description of Method
Small Business Tax Credit (1 to 24 full-time equivalent employees)
Count full-time and part-time employees to determine number of full-time equivalent employees. A specific method is required; different than method for FF-SHOP and Employer Shared Responsibility.
SHOP (≤ 50 employees or < 100 employees as determined by State)
For State-based SHOP: Follow State method for counting employees.
For FF-SHOP: Count number of full-time employees and full-time equivalent employees (part-time employees). Same method as Employer Shared Responsibility.
Employer Shared Responsibility (≥ 50 full-time employees)
Count number of full-time employees and full-time equivalent employees (part-time employees).

24. Introduction to Determining Full-Time Employees

25. Determining Full-Time Employees
Federal definition of full-time employee used to identify full-time employees for:
FF-SHOP eligibility (possibly, State SHOP)
Shared Employer Responsibility provisions applicability
Large Employer Status
Insurance coverage requirement
Assessable payments

26. Determining Full-Time Employees (continued)
Full-Time Employee: An employee who is employed an average of 30 hours of service per week or 130 hours of service per month.

27. Full-Time Employees: Determining Hours of Service
Hours of Service includes each hour an employee is paid or entitled to payment:
For performance of duties for the employer; or
For a period of time during which no duties are performed due to vacation, holiday, illness, incapacity including disability, layoff, jury duty, military duty or leave of absence.
Applies to FF-SHOP, Small Business Tax Credit, and Employer Shared Responsibility provisions, but not to State-based SHOP until 2016.

28. Full-Time Employees: Determining Hours of Service (continued)
For Hourly Employees:
Calculate the actual hours of service by the employee.
For Non-Hourly Employees:
Days-worked equivalency: Credit the employee with 8 hours of service for each day the employee would be credited with at least 1 hour of service.
Weeks-worked equivalency: Credit the employee with 40 hours of service for each week.

29. Full-Time Employees: Determining Hours of Service (continued)
Rules as to Use of Equivalencies:
Prohibited use of equivalencies: Cannot be used to substantially understate an employee’s hours of service.
Different classifications of non-hourly employees: Different equivalencies may be used for different classifications of non-hourly employees provided that the classifications are reasonable and consistently applied.
Calendar Year Changes: An employer may also change the method for calculating non-hourly employee each calendar year. For example, for all non-hourly employees, an employer may use the actual hours worked in 2014, but may use the days-worked equivalency method for counting hours of service in 2015.

30. Example: Hourly Employee Hours of Service
Susan is a hostess at the Tribal Casino Buffet, an hourly position.
HR records reflect that in February she worked an average of 35 hours of service per week (or an average of 140 hours of service per month).
Susan is considered a full-time employee for the month of February.

31. Example: Application of Equivalencies on Non-Hourly Employee Hours of Service
Mike is a Cage Manager at the Tribal Casino, a non-hourly position. [Note: This example shows why the Days-worked equivalency cannot be used for Mike. An employer is not required to use all three methods].
Methods
Hours of Service
Full-time?
Actual
Mike worked 10 hour days, 3 days a week in February (30 hours of service per week).
Yes.
Days-worked equivalency
This equivalency cannot be used for Mike because if he worked 3 days a week, the days worked equivalency would result in Mike working 24 hours of service per week.
No. However, this equivalency is prohibited because it would underestimate Mike’s hours of service.
Weeks-worked Equivalency
This equivalency can be used for Mike. Using this equivalency, Mike is credited with 40 hours of service in a week.

32. Section Review
Explain why the employer provisions are important to Tribes.
Name one strategy under the ACA to get people insured.
Name one of the employer requirements under the ACA.
Describe one provision that is different for a small business compared to a large business.
Define full-time employee

33. Questions