1. Canned food notes…
-We delivered cans last night to a food pantry near NFHS. We donated 3 rolling “trash” bins full of cans, and doubled the existing supply at the pantry. Thanks!
-If finances prevent you from donating food items, you may still earn bonus points by helping with delivery. (See me for details.)
-Bring your cans in a bag…you won’t get the bag back.
-No more ramen, please! (Most food pantries do not stock it.)

2. Protein Practice
1) Arrange the cards on your desk to mimic the structure of an amino acid.
2) Using a loop of tape on the back of each card, arrange the cards on your body in the following way:
Right hand: Carboxyl group
Left hand: Amino group
Front of shirt: R group (w/ a.a. name)

3. Protein Practice
3) Arrange yourself in the following linear order, starting at the window and moving toward the door:
Gly-Cys-Gln-Thr-Ser-Pro-Trp-Phe-Val-Tyr-Asn-Cys-Glu-Asp-Leu-Ser-Val-His-Lys-Met
4) Create a secondary structure
Beta-pleated sheet
5) WITHOUT breaking your peptide bonds, create tertiary structure by forming the following interactions:
A) Disulfide bridge
B) Ionic bonds
C) Hydrophobic interactions

4. Protein Practice
3) Arrange yourself in the following linear order, starting at the window and moving toward the door:
Cys-Pro-Trp-Val-Cys-Glu-Asp-Leu-Ser-Val-His-Lys
4) Create a secondary structure
Beta-pleated sheet
5) WITHOUT breaking your peptide bonds, create tertiary structure by forming the following interactions:
A) Disulfide bridge
B) Ionic bonds
C) Hydrophobic interactions

5. Information storage & transfer
Nucleic Acids
Information storage & transfer

6. Nucleic Acids Function: genetic material stores information
genes
blueprint for building proteins
DNA  RNA  proteins
transfers information
blueprint for new cells
blueprint for next generation
DNA
proteins

7. Nucleic Acids Examples: Structure: RNA (ribonucleic acid)
single helix
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
double helix
Structure:
monomers = nucleotides
DNA
RNA

8. Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C)
A, T, C, G (& U)
pentose sugar (5C)
ribose in RNA
deoxyribose in DNA
phosphate (PO4) group
DNA & RNA are negatively charged:
Don’t cross membranes.
Contain DNA within nucleus
Need help transporting mRNA across nuclear envelope.
Also use this property in gel electrophoresis.

9. Types of nucleotides 2 types of nucleotides different nitrogen bases
purines
double ring N base
adenine (A)
guanine (G)
pyrimidines
single ring N base
cytosine (C)
thymine (T)
uracil (U)

10. Pairing of nucleotides
Nucleotides bond between DNA strands
H bonds
purine :: pyrimidine
A :: T
2 H bonds
G :: C
3 H bonds
The 2 strands are complementary.
One becomes the template of the other & each can be a template to recreate the whole molecule.

11. DNA molecule Double helix H bonds between bases join the 2 strands
A :: T
C :: G
Break H bonds = “unzipping” for replication (copying DNA)
for cell reproduction, gamete production, etc.
H bonds = biology’s weak bond
• easy to unzip double helix for replication and then re-zip for storage
• easy to unzip to “read” gene and then re-zip for storage

12. DNA replication James Watson Francis Crick 1953
The greatest understatement in biology!

13. Interesting note…FRQ???
Ratio of A-T::G-C affects stability of DNA molecule
2 H bonds vs. 3 H bonds
biotech procedures
more G-C = need higher T° to separate strands
high T° organisms
many G-C
At the foundation of biology is chemistry!!

14. Another interesting note…
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
modified nucleotide
adenine (AMP) + Pi + Pi + +

15. Carbohydrates Structure / monomer Function Examples monosaccharide
energy
raw materials
energy storage
structural compounds
Examples
glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen
glycosidic bond

16. Lipids Structure / building block Function Examples
glycerol, fatty acid, cholesterol, H-C chains
Function
energy storage
membranes
hormones
Examples
fat, phospholipids, steroids
ester bond (in a fat)

17. Proteins Structure / monomer Function Examples amino acids
levels of structure
Function
enzymes u defense
transport u structure
signals u receptors
Examples
digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin hormone, actin
peptide bond

18. Nucleic acids Structure / monomer Function Examples nucleotide
information storage & transfer
Examples
DNA, RNA