1. STEERING GEAR

2. STEERING GEAR THE SYSTEM WHICH IS USED TO STEER THE SHIP IN THE REQUIRED DIRECTION IS CALLED STEERING GEAR.

3. CHARACTERISTICS DEPENDABLE AND SAFE OPERATION UNDER ANY NAVIGATIONAL CONDITIONS DEPENDABLE AND SAFE OPERATION UNDER ANY NAVIGATIONAL CONDITIONS ABILITY TO PUT THE RUDDER OVER REQUIRED ANGLE AT ANY SHIP SPEEDS ABILITY TO PUT THE RUDDER OVER REQUIRED ANGLE AT ANY SHIP SPEEDS ABILITY TO PUT THE RUDDER FROM HARD PORT TO HARD STBD IN MIMIMUM TIME (35 O PORT TO 35 O STBD IN 28 SECONDS WITH SINGLE PUMP AND 14 SECOND WITH BOTH PUMP) ABILITY TO PUT THE RUDDER FROM HARD PORT TO HARD STBD IN MIMIMUM TIME (35 O PORT TO 35 O STBD IN 28 SECONDS WITH SINGLE PUMP AND 14 SECOND WITH BOTH PUMP)

4. CHARACTERISTICS ABILITY TO CHANGE OVER FROM MAIN TO AUXILIARY STEERING SYSTEM IN MINIMUM TIME (45 SECONDS) ABILITY TO CHANGE OVER FROM MAIN TO AUXILIARY STEERING SYSTEM IN MINIMUM TIME (45 SECONDS) LONG SERVICE LIFE LONG SERVICE LIFE ABILITY TO CONTROL FROM SEVERAL POSITIONS ABILITY TO CONTROL FROM SEVERAL POSITIONS MINIMUM OVERALL SIZE AND WEIGHT MINIMUM OVERALL SIZE AND WEIGHT

5. CHARACTERISTICS MINIMUM SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE MINIMUM SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE SIMPLE DESIGN SIMPLE DESIGN EASY OPERATION EASY OPERATION

6. SYSTEM OF STEERING STEERING SYSTEM ARE DIVIDED IN THREE PARTS: STEERING SYSTEM ARE DIVIDED IN THREE PARTS: 1.CONTROL 2.POWER 3.TRANSMISSION

7. CLASSIFICATION OF STEERING GEAR CLASSIFICATION OF STEERING GEAR BASED ON CONTROL SYSTEM.IT IS CLASSIFIED IN FIVE GROUP. CLASSIFICATION OF STEERING GEAR BASED ON CONTROL SYSTEM.IT IS CLASSIFIED IN FIVE GROUP. 1.MANUAL STEERING GEAR 2.MECHANICAL STEERING GEAR 3.TELEMOTOR STEERING GEAR 4.ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC STEERING GEAR 5.ALL ELECTRICAL STEERING GEAR

8. CLASSIFICATION 1. MANUAL – RUDDER TURNED MANUALLY BY TILLER E.G. AS OPERATED IN A WHALER 2. MECHANICAL – MOVEMENT TRANSMITTED FROM WHEEL TO RUDDER BY MECHANICAL MEANS LIKE GEAR & CHAIN 3. TELEMOTOR – MOVEMENT TRANSMITTED BY TELEMOTOR FLUID FROM TELEMOTOR TRANSMETER TO TELEMOTOR RECEIVER

9. CLASSIFICATION 1. ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC – CONTROL SYSTEM IS ELECTRICAL, POWER SYSTEM IS HYDRAULIC 2. ALL ELECTRICAL – BOTH CONTROL AND POWER SYSTEMS ARE ELECTRICAL

10. POSITIONS OF STEERING PRIMARY – STEERING FROM BRIDGE IS KNOWN AS PRIMARY STEERING POSITION. PRIMARY – STEERING FROM BRIDGE IS KNOWN AS PRIMARY STEERING POSITION. SECONDARY – STEERING FROM WHEELHOUSE IS KNOWN AS SECONDARY STEERING POSITION. SECONDARY – STEERING FROM WHEELHOUSE IS KNOWN AS SECONDARY STEERING POSITION. AFT STEERING POSITION (ASP) - STEERING FROM ASP IS CARRIED OUT IN LOCAL/ EMERGENCY. AFT STEERING POSITION (ASP) - STEERING FROM ASP IS CARRIED OUT IN LOCAL/ EMERGENCY.

11. MODES OF STEERING FOLLOW-UP IN THIS MODE RUDDER FOLLOWS THE STEERING WHEEL IN THIS MODE RUDDER FOLLOWS THE STEERING WHEEL E.G WHEEL MOVED TO 15 O PORT → RUDDER WILL MOVE TO 15 O PORT AND STOP E.G WHEEL MOVED TO 15 O PORT → RUDDER WILL MOVE TO 15 O PORT AND STOP NON-FOLLOW UP RUDDER TURNS WHEN WHEEL IS MOVED RUDDER TURNS WHEN WHEEL IS MOVED RUDDER STOPS ONLY WHEN WHEEL IS CENTERED RUDDER STOPS ONLY WHEN WHEEL IS CENTEREDAUTOMATIC STEERING CONTROLLED BY SIGNALS RECEIVED FROM MASTER GYRO STEERING CONTROLLED BY SIGNALS RECEIVED FROM MASTER GYRO SHIP MAINTAINED ON SELECTED COURSE IN AUTO SHIP MAINTAINED ON SELECTED COURSE IN AUTO

12. RUDDER A RUDDER ALLOWS THE SHIP TO TURN, SIMPLE PLATES HAVE WELDED TO CAST OR FABRICATED FRAME. RUDDERS ARE HOLLOW AND SO PROVIDE FOR SOME BUOYANCY. IN ORDER TO MINIMISE THE RISK OF CORROSION INTERNAL SURFACES ARE PROVIDED WITH A PROTECTIVE COATING AND SOME ARE EVEN FILLED WITH FOAM. A RUDDER ALLOWS THE SHIP TO TURN, SIMPLE PLATES HAVE WELDED TO CAST OR FABRICATED FRAME. RUDDERS ARE HOLLOW AND SO PROVIDE FOR SOME BUOYANCY. IN ORDER TO MINIMISE THE RISK OF CORROSION INTERNAL SURFACES ARE PROVIDED WITH A PROTECTIVE COATING AND SOME ARE EVEN FILLED WITH FOAM.

13. RUDDER (CTD..) A DRAIN PLUG IS PROVIDED TO ALLOW FOR THE DRAINAGE, ENABLE INTERNAL INSPECTION TO BE MADE USING FIBER OPTIC DEVICE. A DRAIN PLUG IS PROVIDED TO ALLOW FOR THE DRAINAGE, ENABLE INTERNAL INSPECTION TO BE MADE USING FIBER OPTIC DEVICE.

14. TYPES OF RUDDER 1.UNBALANCED 2. BALANCED 3. SEMI-BALANCED

15. UNBALANCED IF THE RUDDER HAS ITS ENTIRE AREA AFT OF THE RUDDER STOCK THEN IT IS UNBALANCED.. IF THE RUDDER HAS ITS ENTIRE AREA AFT OF THE RUDDER STOCK THEN IT IS UNBALANCED..

16. UNBALANCED

17. BALANCED A RUDDER WITH 40% OF ITS AREA FORWARD OF THE STOCK IS BALANCED SINCE THERE WILL BE SOME ANGLE AT WHICH THE RESULTANT MOMENT ON THE STOCK DUE TO THE WATER FORCE WILL BE ZERO. A RUDDER WITH 40% OF ITS AREA FORWARD OF THE STOCK IS BALANCED SINCE THERE WILL BE SOME ANGLE AT WHICH THE RESULTANT MOMENT ON THE STOCK DUE TO THE WATER FORCE WILL BE ZERO.

18. BALANCED

19. SEMI-BALANCED A RUDDER WITH 30% OF ITS AREA FORWARD OF THE STOCK. SEMI- BALANCED DESIGN ARE MOST MODERN RUDDERS. THIS MEANS THAT THAT A CERTAIN PROPORTION OF THE WATER FORCE ACTING ON THE AFTER PART OF THE RUDDER IS COUNTER ACTED BY THE FORCE ACTING ON THE FOR'D HALF OF THE RUDDER; HENCE, THE STEERING GEAR CAN BE LIGHTER AND SMALLER. A RUDDER WITH 30% OF ITS AREA FORWARD OF THE STOCK. SEMI- BALANCED DESIGN ARE MOST MODERN RUDDERS. THIS MEANS THAT THAT A CERTAIN PROPORTION OF THE WATER FORCE ACTING ON THE AFTER PART OF THE RUDDER IS COUNTER ACTED BY THE FORCE ACTING ON THE FOR'D HALF OF THE RUDDER; HENCE, THE STEERING GEAR CAN BE LIGHTER AND SMALLER.

20. SEMI BALANCED RUDDER

21. Semi balanced rudder with rudder horn

22. TELEMOTOR SYSTEM IN TELEMOTOR STEERING SYSTEM CONTROL CIRCUTE AND POWER CIRCUTE BOTH ARE HYDRAULIC IN TELEMOTOR STEERING SYSTEM CONTROL CIRCUTE AND POWER CIRCUTE BOTH ARE HYDRAULIC IN CONTROL CIRCUTE TELEMOTOR FLUED ARE USED (MIXTURE OF 50% WATER AND 50% GLYCERINE ) IN CONTROL CIRCUTE TELEMOTOR FLUED ARE USED (MIXTURE OF 50% WATER AND 50% GLYCERINE )

23. IN POWER CIRCUIT HYDRAULIC OIL LIKE OMD 111, OM 33, OM 58, OM 100 ARE USED IN POWER CIRCUIT HYDRAULIC OIL LIKE OMD 111, OM 33, OM 58, OM 100 ARE USED

24. MAIN COMPONENT OF TELEMOTOR SYSTEM 1. STEERING WHEEL 2. RACK & PINION 3. TELEMOTOR TRANSMITTER 4. TELEMOTOR RECEIVER 5. FLOATING LEVER 6. PUMP 7. RAMS & CYLINDER

25. MAIN COMPONENT OF TELEMOTOR SYSTEM 8. CROSS HEAD 9.HUNTING ROD 10RUDDER STOCK 11.RUDDER

26. LAYOUT OF TELEMOTOR STEERING

27. HUNTING GEAR OPERATION RECEIVER MOVES FLOATING LEVER TILTS PUMP RUDDER MOVES TO REQUIRED ANGLE HUNTING GEAR CENTRES PUMP

28. CREEP TEST A CREEP TEST IS CARRIED OUT TO FIND OUT LEAKAGE IN THE TELEMOTOR STEERING SYSTEM. A CREEP TEST IS CARRIED OUT TO FIND OUT LEAKAGE IN THE TELEMOTOR STEERING SYSTEM. OCCASION TO CARRIED OUT CREEP TEST (A) WEEKLY (IN OPERATIONAL SHIP) (A) WEEKLY (IN OPERATIONAL SHIP) (B) BEFORE GOING TO SEA (B) BEFORE GOING TO SEA (C) AFTER ROUTINE CHARGING THE (C) AFTER ROUTINE CHARGING THE (D)ON INSTALLATION AS NEW

29. PROCEDURE OF CREEP TEST DISCONNECT TELEMOTOR SYSTEM FROM STEERING PUMP. DISCONNECT TELEMOTOR SYSTEM FROM STEERING PUMP. ENSURE THE SYSTEM IS FULLY CHARGED. ENSURE THE SYSTEM IS FULLY CHARGED. TURN THE STEERING WHEEL HARD PORT AND KEEP FOR 30 MINUTES. TURN THE STEERING WHEEL HARD PORT AND KEEP FOR 30 MINUTES.

30. PROCEDURE OF CREEP TEST MONITOR THE PRESSURE, IF ANY PRESSURE DROP OCCURS IN TELEMOTOR (THIS INDICATES LEAK IN SYSTEM, DETECT AND RECTIFY). MONITOR THE PRESSURE, IF ANY PRESSURE DROP OCCURS IN TELEMOTOR (THIS INDICATES LEAK IN SYSTEM, DETECT AND RECTIFY). TURN WHEEL HARD STARBOARD AND HOLD FOR 30 MINUTES. TURN WHEEL HARD STARBOARD AND HOLD FOR 30 MINUTES. MONITOR THE PRESSURE, IF ANY PRESSURE DROP OCCURS IN TELEMOTOR LEADS OR ANY CREEP IN RECEIVER (THIS INDICATES LEAK IN SYSTEM, DETECT AND RECTIFY). MONITOR THE PRESSURE, IF ANY PRESSURE DROP OCCURS IN TELEMOTOR LEADS OR ANY CREEP IN RECEIVER (THIS INDICATES LEAK IN SYSTEM, DETECT AND RECTIFY).

31. PROCEDURE OF CREEP TEST ON COMPLETION OF THE CREEP TEST, CONNECT TELEMOTOR SYSTEM WITH STEERING PUMP. ON COMPLETION OF THE CREEP TEST, CONNECT TELEMOTOR SYSTEM WITH STEERING PUMP. THE SYSTEM IS ALWAYS TOPPED UP, AIR VENTED AND CREEP TESTED PRIOR TO SAIL. THE SYSTEM IS ALWAYS TOPPED UP, AIR VENTED AND CREEP TESTED PRIOR TO SAIL.

32. ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC STEERING GEAR IT IS MOST COMMON TYPE STEERING GEAR SYSTEM FITTED WITH MAXIMUM SHIP. IT IS MOST COMMON TYPE STEERING GEAR SYSTEM FITTED WITH MAXIMUM SHIP. IN THIS SYSTEM ORDER OF WHEEL IS COMMUNICATED TO HYDRAULIC POWER SYSTEM BY ELECTRICAL SIGNAL IN THIS SYSTEM ORDER OF WHEEL IS COMMUNICATED TO HYDRAULIC POWER SYSTEM BY ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

33. ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC STEERING GEAR COMPONENTS OF ELECTRO HYDRAULIC SYSTEM ARE SIMILAR TO THAT OF TELEMOTOR SYSTEM EXCEPT TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER.THESE ARE ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS. COMPONENTS OF ELECTRO HYDRAULIC SYSTEM ARE SIMILAR TO THAT OF TELEMOTOR SYSTEM EXCEPT TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER.THESE ARE ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS.

34. SYSTEM LAYOUT OF ELECTRO- HYDRAULICSTEERING SYSTEM SIGNAL FROM WHEEL CONTROLS DISCHARGE OF PUMP

35. OTHER SYSTEM LAYOUT OF ELECTRO- HYDRAULICS TEERING SYSTEM

36. HELE-SHAW PUMP PUMP WHICH IS NORMALLY DRIVEN BY A CONSTANT SPEED ELECTRIC MOTOR. THE PISTONS ARE FITTED IN A ROW OF RADIAL CYLINDERS AND THROUGH THE OUTER END OF EACH PISTON IS A GUDGEON PIN, WHICH ATTACHES THE SLIPPERS TO THE PISTON. THE SLIPPERS ARE FREE TO OSCILLATE ON THEIR GUDGEON PINS AND FIT INTO CIRCULAR GROOVES IN THE CIRCULAR FLOATING RING. THIS RING IS FREE TO ROTATE BEING MOUNTED ON BALL BEARINGS, WHICH ARE HOUSED IN GUIDE BLOCKS, THIS REDUCES OIL CHURNING AND FRICTION LOSSES. PUMP WHICH IS NORMALLY DRIVEN BY A CONSTANT SPEED ELECTRIC MOTOR. THE PISTONS ARE FITTED IN A ROW OF RADIAL CYLINDERS AND THROUGH THE OUTER END OF EACH PISTON IS A GUDGEON PIN, WHICH ATTACHES THE SLIPPERS TO THE PISTON. THE SLIPPERS ARE FREE TO OSCILLATE ON THEIR GUDGEON PINS AND FIT INTO CIRCULAR GROOVES IN THE CIRCULAR FLOATING RING. THIS RING IS FREE TO ROTATE BEING MOUNTED ON BALL BEARINGS, WHICH ARE HOUSED IN GUIDE BLOCKS, THIS REDUCES OIL CHURNING AND FRICTION LOSSES.

37. HELE-SHAW PUMP THE LATTER BEAR ON TRACKS ARE CONTROLLED BY THE ACTUATING SPINDLES, WHICH PASSES THROUGH THE PUMP CASING. THE MOVEMENT OF THE FLOATING RING BY THE ACTUATING CONTROL SPINDLE (OPERATED BY, SAY, THE TELEMOTOR RECEIVER) FROM THE CENTRAL POSITION CAUSES PISTONS TO RECIPROCATE IN THE RADIAL CYLINDERS SO THAT A PUMPING ACTION TAKES PLACE. THE LATTER BEAR ON TRACKS ARE CONTROLLED BY THE ACTUATING SPINDLES, WHICH PASSES THROUGH THE PUMP CASING. THE MOVEMENT OF THE FLOATING RING BY THE ACTUATING CONTROL SPINDLE (OPERATED BY, SAY, THE TELEMOTOR RECEIVER) FROM THE CENTRAL POSITION CAUSES PISTONS TO RECIPROCATE IN THE RADIAL CYLINDERS SO THAT A PUMPING ACTION TAKES PLACE.

38. HELE-SHAW PUMP (CTD..) THE DIRECTION OF THE PUMPING DEPENDS UPON WHETHER THE MOVEMENT IS TO THE LEFT OR RIGHT OF THE CENTRAL OR NEUTRAL POSITION. THE DIRECTION OF THE PUMPING DEPENDS UPON WHETHER THE MOVEMENT IS TO THE LEFT OR RIGHT OF THE CENTRAL OR NEUTRAL POSITION. THE PUMP IS USUALLY PROVIDED WITH AN ODD NUMBER OF CYLINDERS, USUALLY SEVEN OR NINE, WHICH PRODUCES MORE EVEN HYDRAULIC FLOW AND A BETTER BALANCED PUMP THE PUMP IS USUALLY PROVIDED WITH AN ODD NUMBER OF CYLINDERS, USUALLY SEVEN OR NINE, WHICH PRODUCES MORE EVEN HYDRAULIC FLOW AND A BETTER BALANCED PUMP

39. HELE-SHAW PUMP

40. VSG PUMP THIS PUMP IS SOMETIMES CALLED THE VARIABLE STROKE GEAR PUMP (V.S.G), IT RUNS IN THE FLOODED CONDITION, THE MAKE UP TANK BEING ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE PUMP SO THAT ALL THE WORKING PARTS ARE IMMERSED IN OIL. IT IS DRIVEN BY A CONSTANT SPEED ELECTRIC MOTOR THE VOLUME AND DIRECTION OF THE OIL FLOW BEING CONTROLLED BY MEANS OF A STROKE CONTROL LEVER. THIS PUMP IS SOMETIMES CALLED THE VARIABLE STROKE GEAR PUMP (V.S.G), IT RUNS IN THE FLOODED CONDITION, THE MAKE UP TANK BEING ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE PUMP SO THAT ALL THE WORKING PARTS ARE IMMERSED IN OIL. IT IS DRIVEN BY A CONSTANT SPEED ELECTRIC MOTOR THE VOLUME AND DIRECTION OF THE OIL FLOW BEING CONTROLLED BY MEANS OF A STROKE CONTROL LEVER.

41. VSG PUMP NON PUMPING POSITION

42. VSG PUMP PUMPING POSITION

43. CONSTANT PRESSURE PUMP THE CONSTANT PRESSURE DELIVERY PUMP IS A STANDARD PRODUCTION LINE, CHEAP PUMP; IT RUNS CONSTANTLY DELIVERING A SET VOLUME OF LIQUID WHOSE PRESSURE MUST BE REGULATED.RECIRCULATING V/V'S ALLOW OIL TO BY-PASS RAMS WHEN STATIONARY, AN OIL COOLER MAY HAVE TO BE INCORPORATED. THE CONSTANT PRESSURE DELIVERY PUMP IS A STANDARD PRODUCTION LINE, CHEAP PUMP; IT RUNS CONSTANTLY DELIVERING A SET VOLUME OF LIQUID WHOSE PRESSURE MUST BE REGULATED.RECIRCULATING V/V'S ALLOW OIL TO BY-PASS RAMS WHEN STATIONARY, AN OIL COOLER MAY HAVE TO BE INCORPORATED.

44. CONSTANT PRESSURE PUMP (CTD..) VALVES MUST BE INCORPORATED TO DIVERT THE FLOW OF OIL TO ONE SIDE OR THE OTHER. THESE NORMALLY TAKE THE FORM OF ELECTRICALLY OPERATED SOLENOID VALVES. VALVES MUST BE INCORPORATED TO DIVERT THE FLOW OF OIL TO ONE SIDE OR THE OTHER. THESE NORMALLY TAKE THE FORM OF ELECTRICALLY OPERATED SOLENOID VALVES.

45. ACTIONS IN EMERGENCY AIM - RESTORE STEERING IMMEDIATELY AIM - RESTORE STEERING IMMEDIATELY CHANGE OVER TO SECONDARY CONTROL CHANGE OVER TO SECONDARY CONTROL IF REQUIRED, CHANGE OVER TO LOCAL/ EMERGENCY CONTROL IF REQUIRED, CHANGE OVER TO LOCAL/ EMERGENCY CONTROL IDENTIFY CAUSE IDENTIFY CAUSE RECTIFY RECTIFY RESTORE RESTORE

46. ROUTINES DAILY EXAMINE EXTERNALLY EXAMINE EXTERNALLY TURN STEERING PUMP TURN STEERING PUMPWEEKLY EXAMINE PIPELINES EXAMINE PIPELINES TEST ALL MODES TEST ALL MODESMONTHLY ANALYSE OIL SAMPLES ANALYSE OIL SAMPLES CHECK TIE ROD CHECK TIE ROD EXAMINE PAINT EXAMINE PAINT THREE MONTHLY EXAMINE PUMP EXAMINE PUMP CHECK RUDDER ANGLE INDICATORS CHECK RUDDER ANGLE INDICATORS DISMANTLE VALVE CHEST DISMANTLE VALVE CHEST SIX MONTHLY EXAMINE VALVES EXAMINE VALVESYEARLY EXAMINE SYSTEM EXAMINE SYSTEM CHECK CLEARANCES CHECK CLEARANCES

47. BREAK DOWNS POSSIBLE CAUSES REMEDY OIL LEAKAGE THROUGH JOINTS/ FLANGES WEAR/ DAMAGE OF SEALING REPLACE SEALING OIL LEAKAGE ALONG PUMP SHAFT WEAR/ DAMAGE OF SHAFT SEAL REPLACE SHAFT SEAL NOISY PUMP OPERATION AIR IN SYSTEM RELEASE AIR THROUGH HIGHEST POINT PUMP DOES NOT DEVELOP SPECIFIED PRESSURE 1. WEAR/ DAMAGE OF SEALING 2. FILTER CLOGGED 1. REPLACE SEALING 2. CLEAN/ REPLACE FILTER

48. BREAK DOWNS (CONTD) BREAK DOWNS POSSIBLE CAUSES REMEDY SLUGGISH RESPONSE BY RUDDER 1. INDICATOR DEFECTIVE 2. LESS OIL IN SYSTEM 3. FILTERS CHOKED 4. PUMP DEFECTIVE 5. CONTROL SLIDE/ MANOEUVRING VALVE SLUGGISH 1. SET INDICATOR 2. TOP UP OIL 3. CLEAN/ REPLACE FILTERS 4. CHECK PUMP RPM/ RELIEF VALVE 5. CHECK CONTROL SLIDE/ MANOEUVRING VALVE

49. BREAK DOWNS (CONTD) BREAK DOWNS POSSIBLE CAUSES REMEDY SLUGGISH RESPONSE BY RUDDER (CONTD) 6. TELEMOTOR PLUNGER SEALS LEAKING 7. BY-PASS VALVE PARTIALLY OPEN 8. CONTROL LINKAGES HARD IN OPERATION 9. RUDDER FOULED BY EXTERNAL OBJECTS 6. RENEW SEALS 7. SHUT BY-PASS VALVE 8. CHECK FREENESS OF LINKAGES 9. CHECK RUDDER FROM OUTSIDE AND FREE

50. BREAK DOWNS (CONTD) BREAK DOWNS POSSIBLE CAUSES REMEDY RUDDER OPERATES ONLY IN ONE DIRECTION 1. INDICATOR DEFECTIVE 2. ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM DEFECTIVE 3. MANOEUVRING VALVE DEFECTIVE 4. DEFECTIVE PIPE CONNECTIONS 1. SET INDICATOR 2. CHECK ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM 3. CHECK MANOEUVRING VALVE 4. CHECK PIPE CONNECTIONS

51. BREAK DOWNS (CONTD) BREAK DOWNS POSSIBLE CAUSES REMEDY RUDDER NOT OPERATING IN ANY DIRECTION 1. INDICATOR DEFECTIVE 2. LESS OIL IN SYSTEM 3. ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM DEFECTIVE 4. PUMP COUPLING BROKEN/ DISCONNECTED 5. PUMP DEVELOPING LESS PRESSURE 1. SET INDICATOR 2. TOP UP OIL 3. CHECK ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM 4. RENEW/ CONNECT COUPLING 5. CHECK PUMP RPM/ RELIEF VALVE

52. BREAK DOWNS (CONTD) BREAK DOWNS POSSIBLE CAUSES REMEDY RUDDER NOT OPERATING IN ANY DIRECTION (CONTD) 1. PUMP MOTOR COIL BURNT 2. TELEMOTOR SYSTEM DISCONNECTED 1. REWIND COIL/ REPLACE MOTOR 2. RE-CONNECT TELEMOTOR SYSTEM

53. KORT NOZZLE CYLINDRICAL SHROUD AROUND PROPELLER CYLINDRICAL SHROUD AROUND PROPELLER RUDDER SUPPORTED BY A LOWER PINTLE BEARING RUDDER SUPPORTED BY A LOWER PINTLE BEARING PROPELLER THRUST DIRECTED AS JET OF WATER BY NOZZLE PROPELLER THRUST DIRECTED AS JET OF WATER BY NOZZLE IMPROVED MANOEUVRING AND TOWING IMPROVED MANOEUVRING AND TOWING

54. THANK YOU