1. Fig. 3 Rheological properties of NBR41, ABL compositions based on NBR41 containing different HW lignin contents, and two printable polymers—ABS and HIPS—as reference materials.
Rheological properties of NBR41, ABL compositions based on NBR41 containing different HW lignin contents, and two printable polymers—ABS and HIPS—as reference materials. (A) Complex viscosity as a function of angular frequency at a reference temperature of 230°C of pristine nitrile-butadiene rubber (41 mol % nitrile) (NBR41) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-lignin (ABL) with 40, 50, and 60 wt % HW lignin contents. (B) Viscosity as a function of shear rate at studied reference temperatures of selected ABL (60 wt % HW lignin content), HIPS, and ABS samples (the Cox-Merz rule was applied to convert the complex viscosity to steady shear viscosity). (C) Their corresponding master curves, storage moduli as a function of angular frequency, in which aT is the shift factor obtained from master curve construction. (D) Shear rate–dependent viscosity of the selected ABL, ABS, and HIPS samples. Viscosity profiles at recommended temperatures, 250°C for ABS and 230°C for HIPS, were obtained as those exhibit good printing behavior under these conditions. The blue-shaded region presents the viscosity and shear rate window for ABS when it shows good printability. The red-shaded region indicates the overlapped printing viscosity range for ABL, ABS, and HIPS samples.
Ngoc A. Nguyen et al. Sci Adv 2018;4:eaat4967
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