1. Skeletal Tissue
Structure of Bones

2. Parts of a Bone A typical long bone consists of: Diaphysis Epiphyses
Metaphyes
Articular Cartilage
Periosteum
Medullary Cavity
Endosteum

3. Diaphysis The bone’s shaft or body
The long, cylindrical, main portion of a bone

4. Epiphyses The distal and proximal ends of a bone
Each long bone has a distal epiphysis and a proximal epiphysis

5. Metaphyses
The regions in mature bone where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet.
The regions in growing bone that contains the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
Epiphyseal Plate – a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length. When this growth stops, the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone resulting in a bony structure known as the epiphyseal line.

6. Articular Cartilage
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphyses where the bone forms a joint with another bone.
Reduces friction and absorbs shock
Does not have a perichondrium, so repair of damage is limited

7. Periosteum
Tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage.
Contains bone forming cells that allow the bone to grow in diameter
Protects the bone, assists in fracture repair, helps nourish bone tissue and serves as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons

8. Medullary Cavity Marrow Cavity
Space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults.
Young bones contain mostly red bone marrow

9. Endosteum
Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity. It contains a single layer of bone forming cells