1. MNSs blood group (GYPA and GYPB).
MNSs blood group (GYPA and GYPB). Glycophorins A, B, and E are located together on chromosome 4q28-q31 and can undergo recombination, leading to hybrid glycophorins (for example, Henshaw, GP.Mur, and GP.Dantu) and null phenotypes [En(a−), U−, and Mk]. The MN antigens are defined by the first 5 amino acids and O-linked glycans on glycophorin A. Glycophorin A contains 15 O-glycan sites and >20 high/low antigens. Glycophorin A is physically associated with AE1/band 3 and participates in Wrb antigen expression located on AE1. The location of 3 high/low polymorphisms showing evidence of selection (16) and the trypsin cleavage site are shown. The S/s antigens are a single polymorphism on glycophorin B. The U antigen is located along a short peptide segment near the membrane.
Laura Cooling Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2015; doi: /CMR