1. Setting up PostgreSQL for Production in AWS
Download Labs:
Scott Mead
Database Engineer – Amazon RDS
PGConf NY - April, 2019

2. Sr. Database Engineer, Postgres Engines
Proctors
Udayasimha Theepireddy Sridhar Ranganathan
DB Cloud Architect Sr. Product Manager RDS Postgres
Scott Mead
Sr. Database Engineer, Postgres Engines

3. Objectives AWS RDS Postgres offerings Best Practices
Database configuration
Deployment

4. Sign In to your Account
If you don’t have one:
aws.amazon.com/free

5. What is Amazon RDS? Relational Database Service
AWS provides infrastructure
Customer builds the application

6. RDS Postgres Managed PostgreSQL AWS manages the infrastructure
High Availability – Automated Failover
Automated Backups
Multi Datacenter (Availability Zone)
PostgreSQL running in an AWS Managed EC2 machine

7. Aurora Postgres Same Benefits as RDS PostgreSQL
Amazon Aurora features a distributed, fault-tolerant, self-healing storage system that auto-scales up to 64TB per database instance. It delivers high performance and availability with up to 15 low-latency read replicas, point-in-time recovery, continuous backup to Amazon S3, and replication across three Availability Zones (AZs).

8. Aurora Postgres
Data is replicated six times across three Availability Zones
Continuous backup to Amazon S3 (built for 11 9s durability)
Continuous monitoring of nodes and disks for repair
Storage volume automatically grows up to 64 TB
AZ 1
AZ 2
AZ 3
Amazon S3
R/W Database
Node
R/O Database
Node
Storage
Monitoring
Storage
Node
Storage
Node
Storage
Node
Storage
Node
Storage
Node
Storage
Node

9. What is Amazon RDS? Relational Database Service
AWS provides infrastructure
Customer builds the application

10. AWS Shared Responsibility Model

11. Managed PostgreSQL on RDS or Aurora
Scaling
High availability
Database backups
DB s/w patches
DB s/w installs
OS patches
OS installation
Server maintenance
Rack and stack
DB optimization
Power, HVAC, net
you

12. DBA responsibilities Security Provisioning Resiliency When to scale
Data Model
Indexing
VACUUM

13. DBA responsibilities Security Provisioning Resiliency When to scale
Data Model
Indexing
VACUUM

14. Labs Provision RDS Postgres Provision Management host (EC2)
Connectivity
Monitoring
H/A
Backup / Recovery
De-Provision RDS Postgres
De-Provision EC2

15. An Elephant is still an Elephant
Running on server (EC2)
Storage
EBS (RDS Postgres)
Aurora Storage
Memory
CPU

16. Get Started!

17. VPC Amazon VPC – Virtual Private Cloud Your network in the cloud
Subnets, Routers, Route Tables
Same rules apply as physical networks

19. VPC – Ingress & Egress Public / Private subnets
Most databases fall into private subnets
Use a management / bastion host to connect
Customers can make VPN connections to their VPCs for simplified access

20. Security Groups Act as a firewall in the cloud
Allow for specific control of network access
Host -> Host
Host -> Internet
Internet -> Host
Can be added and updated dynamically
Be careful with rules

21. Security Groups

22. Monitoring CloudWatch Enhanced Monitoring
Graphical interface for live and historical metrics
CPU / IO / Network / Disk
Metrics are available to download
Enhanced Monitoring
‘top’ in a browser

23. Monitoring – Performance Insights
Drill-down interface for interacting with Postgres runtime stats
Live stats picked up every second
Ties SQL Statements and wait_events together
Allows for simplified trend monitoring
Thursday 4:20 NY Ballroom West

25. Configuration RDS Postgres instances have a parameter group
Some options are dynamic, some are not (as in standard postgres)
By default, instances get the ‘default’ parameter group
This group cannot be modified
Create a new parameter group, change configuration there
Assign the parameter group to your instance
This requires downtime, for production, always create a parameter group for your instance before going live

26. Monitoring - Logs RDS presents the database logs via the web interface
Many customers periodically download logs or archive them to S3
CLI / API job
Export logs to AWS CloudWatch to enable alarms
Tools like pgBadger provide in-depth reporting

27. Multi A-Z
A region is a cluster of datacenters located in a geographical location
Each region is made up of a logical group of datacenters known as an Availability one
Multi A-Z (Availability Zone) in RDS provides resources in more than one Availability Zone for resiliency

28. Multi A-Z Multi AZ in RDS uses synchronous, storaged-based replication
Zero Data Loss
Fast failover to another Availability Zone
Standby host is not addressable directly until after failover
Use the ‘endpoint’ to automatically update the connection

29. Read Replicas
Users can add Read Replicas, leveraging standard Postgres replication
Modify an instance Add a ‘Read Replica’
Replicas can be connected to and read from
Replicas can be promoted to writer

30. Learn more.. aws.amazon.com/rds aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora

31. Thank you!