1. Introduction to Biology
Ms. Rosendo
10-B

2. Science and Biology
Science is the knowledge of certain natural and non natural phenomena by its principals and causes.
It’s a continuous search for answering the why of things.

3. What is Biology?
Branch that studies live organisms and uses all of the branches that also focus on live organisms.
Focuses on:
Structure
Function
Reproductive Cycle
Evolution

4. Biology Pioneers 1. Aristotle -Greek (1st bio. teacher)
“Father of Biology and Zoology”

5. 2. Hippocrates Greek “Father of Medicine”
Hippocratic Oath for doctors (part of his life- long legacy)

6. 3. Leeuwenhoek Dutch His hobby was lens grinding
** He did NOT invent the microscope, he perfected microscope lenses

7. 4. Fleming
British
Accidentally discovered first antibiotic (penicillin)

8. distingue a los reinos animal, vegetal, hongos, protistas, arqueas y bacterias del resto de realidades naturales. Implica las capacidades de nacer, crecer, reproducirse y morir, y, a lo largo de sucesivas generaciones, evolucionar.

9. Areas of Biology

10. Areas of Biology Anatomy – study of the organs and systems.
Physiology – study of how an organism works.
Microbiology – study of microscopic beings.
Ecology – interactions between living organisms and their environment.
Zoology – study of the animal kingdom.
Botany – study of the plant kingdom.
Genetics – study of the transmission and modification of characteristics from one generation to the other.

12. Areas of Biology
Molecular biology – study of the biological processes at a molecular level.
One of the most recent and developed biology branches.
Includes aspects like genetic engineering and cloning.

13. Characteristics of Life
Cellular composition
Growth
Reproduction
Movement
Adaptation
Metabolism
Specific organization
Homeostasis
Responsiveness

14. Cellular Composition Made up of at least one cell
Unicellular - made of one cell (bacteria, amoeba, paramecium)
Multicellular - made up of two or more cells (plants, fungi, animals)

15. Growth
Increase in cell size (unicellular) and/or an increase in cell number (multicellular)

16. Reproduction
Asexual- cell division (mitosis)—one cell becomes two Ex: bacteria
Sexual- union of sex cells (sperm and egg) Ex: plants and animals

17. Movement 3 types: Place to Place- (ex: bear running, bird flying, etc)
External Part- (ex: + phototropism, plants orient leaves toward sun)
Internal- (ex: cytoplasmic streaming)

18. Adaptation Changing to meet the needs of the environment Examples:
1. Bird migration- behavioral adaptation

19. Adaptation (continued)
Human body temperature- Physiological adaptation
Hibernation- physiological adaptation
Hare ear length (desert vs. arctic hares)- structural adaptation

20. Metabolism
Set of chemical reactions that convert “food” into energy

21. Specific Organization
Certain parts do specific jobs (ex: heart, nucleus, chloroplasts, etc)

22. Homeostasis Maintaining the same state Homeo = same, steady
Stasis = state
Examples:
-Water balance inside and outside of cell
-Human body temperature
*Cells function best when these are in balance

23. Responsiveness Reaction(s) to various stimuli
Examples of stimuli: light, heat, pH, vibration, smell, etc.– earthworms respond to all of these

24. Levels of Organization in Biology

25. Atoms and molecules
Atom – chemical unit that has all the characteristics of the element.
Molecule – 2 or more atoms combined chemically.

26. Cells Biological unit that has all the characteristics of life.
2 types: eukaryotic and prokaryotic.

27. Tissue
Cells group to form tissue with specific functions.

28. Organ
Group of tissues.

29. System
Group of organs with specific functions.

30. Organism

31. Population

32. Community

33. Ecosystem and Biosphere