1. Renewable Power to Fuels Symposium
  Panel Discussion : Technologies & Cost Projections Portland, OR May 20, 2019
Madhav Acharya
Technology to Market Advisor

2. Hydrogen – A Clean, Flexible Energy Carrier
Source:

3. Key Considerations to Enable a Hydrogen Economy
Cost
Emissions
Quantity
To produce & deliver
Requires infrastructure to be on hand
Varies by source
Varies by source

4. Hydrogen in Transportation

5. Improving the Economics of Renewable H2
Source:

6. Hydrogen for Seasonal Energy Storage

7. REFUEL: Renewable energy storage and delivery via carbon neutral liquid fuels
Synthesis of liquid fuels
Fuels transportation
Application space
Direct use (blending) in ICE vehicles (drop-in fuel)
Air
Direct use in stationary gensets
Medium to long term energy storage
Hydrogen generation for fueling stations
Water
Seasonal energy storage
Energy delivery from remote locations
Energy delivery from stranded sources
Energy storage and delivery combined

8. Potential “Carbon Neutral” Liquid Fuels
B.p., deg C
Wt. % H
Energy density, kWh/L
E0, V
, %
Synthetic gasoline
69-200
16.0
9.7 -
Biodiesel
14.0
9.2
Methanol
64.7
12.6
4.67
1.18
96.6
Dimethyl ether (DME)
-24
13.1
5.36
1.21
Ethanol
78.4
12.0
6.30
1.15
97.0
Formic acid (88%)
100
3.4
2.10
1.45
105.6
Ammonia
-33.3
17.8
4.32
1.17
88.7
Hydrazine hydrate
114
8.1
5.40
1.61
100.2
Liquid hydrogen
-252.9
2.54
1.23
83.0
Compressed hydrogen (700 bar)
gas
1.55
G.Soloveichik, Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399

9. = 6 x 40 x or Energy storage comparison Capital cost ~$100K
1,000kg H2 Linde storage in Germany or
40 x
30,000 gallon underground tank
contains 200 MWh (plus 600 MMBTU CHP heat
Capital cost ~$100K
5 MWh A123 battery in Chile
Capital cost $50, ,000K
Liquid fuels provide smallest footprint and CAPEX

10. Concept for a Pilot Scale ~ 100 kg/day
Integrated with existing renewable facility
Demonstrate overall system functionality including safety/reliability
Detailed cost assessment to inform further scale up H2
Electrolysis
Modified reaction
Modified separation
NH3
H2O
Air Separation unit N2
New technology (ARPA-E funded)
Commercially available

11. What is needed to deliver H2@Scale?