1. Mendelian Genetics
Ch. 5 Sec.1 and 2

2. Gregor Mendel
The basic laws of heredity were first formed during the mid-1800’s by an Austrian botanist monk named Gregor Mendel. Because his work laid the foundation to the study of heredity, Mendel is referred to as “The Father of Genetics.”

3. Heredity and Gregor Mendel
Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Mendel discovered the principles of heredity.
Mendel studies pea plants. They were self-pollinating (have both male and female structures, so it can pollinate itself).
Pea plants can also cross-pollinate (pollinate a different flower).

4. Mendel’ Pea Plants
Mendel based his laws on his studies of garden pea plants. Mendel was able to observe differences in multiple traits over many generations because pea plants reproduce rapidly, and have many visible traits such as:
Pod color
Seed Color
Plant Height
Green
Yellow
Green
Yellow
Seed Shape
Short
Pod Shape
Tall
Wrinkled
Round
Smooth
Pinched

5. Studying Pea Plants Mendel studied one characteristic at a time.
A characteristic is a feature that has different forms in a population.
The different forms of these characteristics are called traits.

6. Mendel’s Experiments
Mendel saw some interesting traits appear when plants were crossed.
The first generation offspring are called the F1 generation.
The second generation offspring are called the F2 generation.
Dominant traits are observed in the organism’s characteristics if present.
Recessive traits are traits that are hidden if the dominate trait is present.
Recessive traits can only be seen in the organisms if both alleles are recessive.

7. Mendel’s Observations

8. Traits and Inheritance
Gene: One set of instructions for an inherited trait.
Each parent gives their offspring one set of genes.
The different forms of a gene are called alleles.
Homozygous: When alleles from both parents are the same. HH or hh
Called a purebred
Heterozygous: When alleles from parents are different. Hh
Called a hybrid

9. Genotype Vs. Phenotype
Phenotype: An organism’s appearance (what you see: hair color, height, eye color etc.)
Genotype: The genetic make-up of an organism– the alleles that are present for a trait. (Hh or AA)

10. Karyotype
Photograph of an organism’s chromosomes.

11. Heredity Concept Map Heredity
Use the following terms to complete the concept map below:
Alleles
parents
Phenotype
Genes
Offspring
genotype
Characteristics
dominant

12. Heredity Concept Map Heredity Parents genes Heredity
Use the following terms to complete the concept map below:
Alleles
parents
Phenotype
Genes
Offspring
genotype
Characteristics
dominant
Characteristics
Parents
genes
offspring
alleles
dominant
genotype
phenotype