1. “Education is a Progressive discovery of our own ignorance.”
-Will Durant

2. Ticks Not host specific
Usually found on outside animals, in high grass or wooded areas

3. Tick life cycle
– 2 minutes 44 seconds

4. Tick life cycle
Female lays 1,000 to 10,000 eggs before dying

5. Ticks *** HOW TICKS INJURE ANIMALS:
Irritation of the bite wound
Vector for diseases
Monocytic and Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
Lyme Disease
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Tick Paralysis
Many others…
Clinical signs vary with disease
Dx: finding tick on physical exam, history of exposure to wooded and grassy areas
Monocytic (Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus - brown dog tick) and Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia ewingii, Amblyomma americanum - lone star) & Ehrlichia equi, Ixodes dammini (deer tick or black-legged tick)
Lyme Disease: spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi, Ixodes tick (black-legged ticks or deer ticks)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Rickettsia rickettsii, dermacentor tick (American dog tick)

6. Ticks
Treatment
Remove ticks: Grasp head parts close to skin with hemostats (NOT HANDS) and pull; no gasoline, cigarettes, etc.
Topical treatments (sprays, shampoos, powder, dips)
Topical & systemic products
Advantix
Bravecto
Nexgard
Client Info
Routinely check pets for ticks, esp. after walks in parks, etc.
blood may be infectious
Ticks will feed on humans
Just remove, otherwise could result in serious damage to the animal.
Most common in spring and summer.
Found around ears, under arms and in between toes.

7. Burrowing Mites

8. Burrowing Mites Family Sarcoptidae Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Knemidocoptes
Small, round, live in
skin tunnels. Short
legs close to body.
Sarcoptes,
Notoedres,
Knemidocoptes
Trixacarus
Family Demodicidae
Live in hair follicles.
Adults cigar shaped.
Demodex canis
Demodex cati
Demodex gatoi
3 primary: Sarcoptic, Notoedric and Demodex
Notoedres: feline scabies, rare
Knemidocoptes: birds
Trixacarus: guinea pigs
Live on the skin and cause irritation and inflammation
Demodex gatoi: cats

9. Burrowing Mites Diagnosis Deep Skin scraping for sarcoptic
Superficial skin scraping may be sufficient for Demodex
Demodex is easy to find on a microscopic exam

10. Demodectic mange
Cigar-shaped mite – lives within hair follicles of most dogs and some cats
Live their entire life cycle on the host
Does not cause them to scratch unless there is a secondary infection

11. Demodex *** Demodex canis
Inhabits hair follicles, sebaceous glands or apocrine sweat glands
Normal inhabitant in small numbers
Immune system controls infestation
Transmission: genetic predisposition to overgrowth (passed from mom first few days of life)
Weakened immune system (such as puppies with poor nutrition) could result in an excessive amount of mites
More common in specific breeds
sebaceous glands: a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles.
apocrine sweat glands: sweat gland in dogs, and the distribution of eccrine sweat glands is limited to the footpads
If in adults, it would most likely be an underlying condition. Multiple underlying.

12. Demodex in cats *** D. cati D. gatoi -
Similar to D. canis – lives in hair follicles
D. gatoi -
Fat (broad, blunted abdomen)
Lives more superficial in stratum corneum
More pruritic
stratum corneum: outer layer of skin

13. Demodex
Demodex cati (right) Demodex gatoi
Demodex canis (left)

14. DEMODEX https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgEoEZtC2h0 – 5 minutes
(DOVE)

15. Demodex *** Clinical Signs Localized Young dog (3m-1y);
Alopecia esp. on face
Not pruritic unless secondary infections are present
Generalized
Often febrile
Entire body surface involved
Secondary bacterial infection - pustules
Pustules: a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus

16. Demodex Treatment for localized demodex
Goodwinol (Rotenone) topical daily
Bactoderm (mupirocin)
Goodwinol soothe and heal the skin to minimize the irritation, hair loss, and other symptoms of mange and speed recover
Mupirocin: treats skin infections

17. Demodex Treatment for generalized demodex
Mitaban (amitraz) – topical dip
FDA approved treatment
Side Effects – sedation for hrs (up to 72 hrs)
Ivermectin: SQ or PO
extralabel use
CAUTION in herding breeds
Side Effects: ataxia, respiratory arrest, stupor and tremors
Treatment recommended for 3 months
Mutation in the MDR-1 gene lack a protein that allows certain drugs such as Ivermectin to be flushed to the brain. Thus, a dangerous level of toxicity can quickly occur
MDR-1 gene: protects the brain from harmful substances

18. Demodex Treatment for generalized demodex
Bravecto (fluralaner) - off label
12 week oral tablet given once
Oral antibiotics given for secondary infection

19. Demodex Treatment
Approved topical dip Off labe use - SQ or PO

20. DEMODEX *** Client Info Many animals outgrow demodex as they age
Not contagious to humans
Tx does not completely remove mites
Strongly recommend OHE with treatment or relapse may occur with heat cycles
Generalized form can be fatal.

21. Sarcoptic mange- Scabies

22. Sarcoptic mange- Scabies
Multiple scrapings are sometimes needed
Mites can be difficult to find due to how deep under the skin (epidermis) they are
Scrapings should be deep

23. Sarcoptic Mange *** Species specific
Burrows under skin – stratum corneum
Hypersensitivity reaction causes extreme pruritis
How does it happen?
Exposure to another animal infected with the mite
Moves from animal to animal quickly
Found more in animal shelters, kennels, grooming facilities and dog parks
Anywhere animals are held close together
Symptoms usually start 2-6 weeks after the animal is exposed
stratum corneum: outer layer of skin
Epidermis and lay eggs
They do not last long off of a host

24. Zoonotic!!!!!
Scabies does not stay on the human for long. It can still cause a reaction

25. SARCOPTES Clincal Signs Red crusty lesions on ears, elbows and trunk
Intensely pruritic
Progressively more severe
Crusty lesions are usually on the elbows, ears and the trunk of the animal
Open wounds due to scratching/chewing (Leads to secondary skin infections)

26. Sarcoptic mange Treatment: relatively easily killed
Mitaban (Amitraz): extra label use for sarcoptes
Ivermectin injections: extra label use
Revolution (selamectin) – approved
Lime Sulfur Dips
Client Info – highly contagious to other dogs and humans
extra label: only approved in humans
Ivermectin
-Instructions: Subcutaneous or by mouth. Needs to be repeated in 14 days following initial treatment
Sulfur dip
-Instructions: Dip every 14 days until clinical signs are gone
Revolution: Apply every 2-3 weeks until skin scrapes are negative