1. China's Future Ground-Based Facilities and Synergy with Subaru
Linhua Jiang (江林华)
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University (北京大学)

3. Outline Background China’s future ground-based facilities
China’s current facilities
China’s future ground-based facilities
Optical/near-IR telescopes
Other facilities
Synergy with Subaru
A few examples
Summary

4. Large telescopes in the world

6. “Large” telescopes in China
Lijiang 2.4m + Xinglong 2.16m + several ~1m telescopes
Xinglong seeing: ~2”
(From Luis Ho’s talk)
Xinglong Observatory

7. “Large” telescopes in China
LAMOST 4m
A short summary
No large telescopes
No advanced instruments
No infrared capabilities
No good sites found yet

9. China’s future facilities
International collaborations
China  LSST, TMT, SKA, MSE, ……
Domestic facilities
NJU 4m survey telescope (talks by Zhou and Shi)
USTC 2.5m wide-field telescope (talk by Kong)
BNU 1.9m telescope (first light 2022?)
SHAO 2m telescope (first light 2022?)
Yunnan 1.6m survey telescope (first light 2022?)
LOT 12m telescope (first light 10 years later?)
60m-class submm telescope (being planned)
110m radio telescope QTT (start construction soon?)
500m radio telescope FAST (completed) ……

10. Astronomy @Chinese Academy of Science

12. NJU 4m survey telescope Led by Nanjing University
Schmidt design with multiple corrector lens to gain large FoV
Aper: ~3.5m; FoV: ~40 deg2; wavelength: 400~920 nm
Details will be given in talks by J. Zhou and Y. Shi

13. USTC wide-field survey telescope (WFST)
NJU 4m survey telescope
Led by Nanjing University
Schmidt design with multiple corrector lens to gain large FoV
Aper: ~3.5m; FoV: ~40 deg2; wavelength: 400~920 nm
Details will be given in talks by J. Zhou and Y. Shi
USTC wide-field survey telescope (WFST)
Led by USTC and PMO
Prime-focus with multiple corrector lens to gain large FoV
Aper: 2.5m; FoV: ~6.5 deg2; wavelength: 320~1000 nm
Details will be given in talk by X. Kong
(From Kong’s talk)

14. BNU 1.9m telescope Led by Beijing Normal University
R-C reflector; Aperture: 1.9m
First instruments: Multi-color imager and low-R spectrograph
Site: Muztag（慕士塔格, elevation 4500m）, Xinjiang province
Timeline: first light ~2022?
(From Jianghua Wu’s talk)

15. SHAO 2m telescope in Chile
Collaborations: SHAO, Taiwan, NAOC, Chile
R-C system; Aperture: 2m
First instruments: Wide-field IFU, Multi-color imager, and low-R spectrograph
Site: Ventarrones (E-ELT candidate site), Chile
Timeline: first light ~2022?
(From Zhongxiang Wang’s talk)

16. LOT 12m telescope Large Optical/Infrared Telescope
Aperture: ~12m, segmented primary mirror
First instruments: Low-R spectrograph, high-R spectrograph, and wide-field multi-object spectrograph (all in the optical)
Site: Muztag, Xinjiang province
Timeline: expected first light ~2026?
m segments.
(From Jifeng Liu’s talk)

17. A 60m-class submm telescope
Led by PMO
Aperture: ~60m, FoV: 1 deg in diameter
Wavelength coverage: 3 – 0.65 mm; R: 12~3 aresecs
Site: Tibet (great for submm astronomy)
Timeline: being planned
全球平均PWV分布 
（ ) 
(From Ji Yang’s talk)

18. Other telescopes
Yunnan Univ. 1.6m survey telescope (start construction soon)
XAO 110m radio telescope QTT
YNO 8m CGST (Chinese Ground- based Solar Telescope
(From Zhong Liu’s talk)

19. Instrument development – example: NGPS
Next Generation Palomar Spectrograph, proposed by PKU
Collaborations: PKU, NIAOT, Caltech, NAOC
Goals: 1) highest possible efficiency, 2) workhorse instrument for the 5.1m Hale telescope
Design: 4-channel, simultaneously cover nm
Timeline: first light 2021
(From Haijiao Jiang’s talk)

20. The U.S. telescopes work as a system across public/private divide
Synergy with Subaru
The U.S. telescopes work as a system across public/private divide
(From Xiaohui Fan’s talk)

21. Diverse instruments as important as telescopes
FOCAS IFU just available.

22. What we will have and what we will still need
In the next ten years
Several small telescopes
Time-domain facilities ……
No large telescopes
No high-performance IR instruments
Aperture
Subaru Telescope

23. Synergy with Subaru – example 1: HDS
 usage of large aperture and high-R
Extremely metal-poor stars from LAMOST

24. Synergy with Subaru – example 1: HDS
 usage of large aperture and high-R
Extremely metal-poor stars from LAMOST
A Lyman-Limit System at z=1.54 with logN(HI)~18 from the first complete high-z CI absorber sample (Ledoux+ 2015, Zou+ 2018)
Gas is the remnant of Carbon-Enhanced-Metal-Poor stars?
Current data from X-shooter not enough, need higher-R data.
This could be the first CEMP-LLS

25. Synergy with Subaru – example 2: MOIRCS
 usage of large aperture and IR capability
High-redshift quasars and galaxies: very faint, UV/opt  IR
z>6 quasars (Jiang et al. 2016)
z>7 galaxy (Stark et al. 2017)

26. Synergy with Subaru – example 3: PFS
 usage of large aperture and large-FoV multi-obj spec.
Survey of high-redshift Lyα emitters to understand early galaxy evolution and cosmic reionization
Lyα emitters at z ~ 5.7 observed with Magellan M2FS (1 deg FoV, multi-fiber spectrograph, 6-h integration)
(Jiang et al. 2016, 2017)

27. Synergy with Subaru – other examples
Follow-up observations of transient targets

28. Summary Chinese astronomy lacks modern observing facilities
We expect to see a rapid development in the next several years, but will still lack large-aperture telescopes and infrared instruments
A strong desire for collaboration with Subaru (via EAO) is obvious