1. 14.1: Rise of Aggressive dictators
TOPIC 14: World War II
14.1: Rise of Aggressive dictators

2. Peace Dissolves
1. The effects of World War I and the Great Depression touched almost every corner of the world.
2. In some countries, these upheavals led to the rise of a new kind of brutal dictatorship—the totalitarian state.
3. These states were led by absolute dictators, leaders willing to use acts of aggression to invade other nations in order to enhance their own power.
4. Their actions would destroy the peace established after World War I and spark a new, even deadlier, global conflict.

3. 4. Mussolini establishes a dictatorship in Italy.
Strict Regimes in the Soviet Union and Italy
1. The 1917 communist revolution in Russia inaugurated the first totalitarian state.
2. The communist leader Vladimir Lenin created the beginnings of a totalitarian system of control to maintain power.
3.His programs resulted in civil war, starvation, famine, and the death of millions of Russians.
4. Mussolini establishes a dictatorship in Italy.

4. Strict Regimes in the Soviet Union and Italy
One of the most powerful dictators in history, Stalin ruled with absolute authority.
Many historians think that he was responsible for the deaths of some 20 million people.

5. 1. After World War I, Germany became a democracy.
Germany and Japan Change Leadership
1. After World War I, Germany became a democracy.
2. The Weimar (VÌ mahr) Republic (named after the town of Weimar where the government was created) struggled throughout the 1920s to establish a functional democracy. 3. Germany had severe economic troubles in the 1920s, including runaway inflation.
4. Anger over the Treaty of Versailles and internal disunity also plagued the young government.

6. Hitler Rules a German Dictatorship
Germany and Japan Change Leadership
Emergence of Nazis
Hitler Rules a German Dictatorship
Militarism Gains Support in Japan
The Japanese Empire Expands

7. Inflation ruined the Weimar Republic
Inflation ruined the Weimar Republic. Presses ran day and night printing paper money. By 1923, one dollar was equal to one trillion Marks. Here children play with stacks of worthless money.

8. Dictators Move to Gain Territory
1. In the 1930s, the Italian and German dictatorships resorted to acts of aggression similar to those of Japan in Asia.
2. Throughout the decade, neither the League of Nations nor democratic nations succeeded in stopping the aggression.

9. Weakness of the League of Nations
Dictators Move to Gain Territory
Weakness of the League of Nations
Hitler and Mussolini Challenge the Peace
Dictators Support War in Spain

10. Aggression Meets Appeasement
1. The policy that France and Britain pursued against aggressive nations during the 1930s is known as appeasement.
2. It is a policy of granting concessions to a potential enemy in the hope that peace can be maintained.
3. Appeasement only spurred the fascist leaders to become more bold, adventurous, and aggressive.

11. In the Soviet Union, a “cult of personality” developed around Stalin
through massive propaganda campaigns.
as a result of his collective farming policies.
among his perceived enemies in the Red Army.
in response to his brutal purges in the Communist Party.
1. through massive propaganda campaigns.

12. 2. It was controlled by a charismatic dictator.
How did the Nazi regime differ most from the Japanese government in the 1930s?
It followed a policy of military expansion.
It was controlled by a charismatic dictator.
It suffered from widespread economic instability.
It demanded strict obedience on the part its subjects.
2. It was controlled by a charismatic dictator.

13. The Treaty of Versailles
created bitterness and resentment among the nations who had signed the agreement.
established totalitarian regimes in many European countries following World War I.
led to increased prosperity and cooperation among the nations who had fought in the war.
was an attempt by the Allies to appease fascist dictatorships in Europe following World War I.
1. created bitterness and resentment among the nations
who had signed the agreement.

14. 2. the Treaty of Versailles.
When Hitler stationed troops in the Rhineland in 1936, it was a direct violation of
the Geneva Convention.
the Treaty of Versailles.
the German constitution.
the League of Nations charter.
2. the Treaty of Versailles.

15. Britain Germany the Soviet Union the United States
Which of these countries took an isolationist approach to foreign policy in the 1930s?
Britain
Germany
the Soviet Union
the United States
4. the United States

16. 14.2: America debates involvement
TOPIC 14: World War II
14.2: America debates involvement

17. Roosevelt Criticizes Acts of War
While Britain and France appeased the dictator in Germany at Munich, American President Franklin Roosevelt condemned aggression in Asia but did little to stop it.
2. As war exploded in Europe, it became increasingly difficult for the United States to maintain its neutrality.
3. Americans would have to decide what role they were willing to play in shaping world events.

19. War Breaks Out in Europe
1. Roosevelt’s words failed to prevent Japan from extending its control over much of China.
2. France and Britain’s efforts to appease Hitler in Europe failed to limit the dictator’s expansionist plans.
3. By the end of 1938, even the leaders of France and Britain realized that Hitler’s armed aggression could only be halted by a firm, armed defense.
4. The urgency of the situation grew in the spring of 1939 when Hitler violated the Munich Pact by absorbing the remainder of Czechoslovakia into his German Reich.

20. Poland Falls to German Blitzkrieg
War Breaks Out in Europe
Poland Falls to German Blitzkrieg
Axis Powers Overwhelm Western Europe
France Falls
Air Forces Fight Battle of Britain

21. War broke out in Europe when Germany attacked Poland.
Identify Central Issues What was the reaction of other nations to the attack?

22. Within five years, the Axis Powers dominated Europe.
What made Poland a difficult ally for France and Britain to protect?

23. 2. The fight against Hitler was more than simply a European struggle.
American Reaction Is Divided
1. Winston Churchill referred to the United States in many of his speeches during the crisis in France and the Battle of Britain.
2. The fight against Hitler was more than simply a European struggle.
3. Nazi aggression threatened the freedoms and rights cherished by democratic nations everywhere.
4. The contest was between ideologies as well as nations.

24. Fill in the chart with notes using your textbook.
Public Opinion Supports Isolation
Interventionists Press for Aid to Allies
Isolationists Plead to Remain Neutral
Roosevelt Shifts Closer to Involvement
American Reaction Is Divided
Isolationists argued against U.S. involvement in World War II by pointing to the cost of World War I and the impact of the Great Depression.
Fill in the chart with notes using your textbook.

25. Isolationists argued against U. S
Isolationists argued against U.S. involvement in World War II by pointing to the cost of World War I and the impact of the Great Depression.
What years saw unemployment rates of 20 percent or more?
How would this affect attitudes toward conflict overseas?

26. Do you think this cartoon is arguing for a policy of isolation or intervention? Explain your answer.

27. 3. On January 6, 1941, he spoke about “four freedoms”
America Moves Closer Toward War
1. Once safely reelected, President Roosevelt increased his support of Britain.
2. When Britain began to run short on funds to purchase cash-and-carry goods in the United States, FDR took the opportunity to address Congress.
3. On January 6, 1941, he spoke about “four freedoms”
--that were threatened by Nazi and Japanese militarism.
4. Roosevelt believed that the best way to stay out of the conflict with Germany was to help Britain.
Speech
Worship
From want
From fear

28. The United States Helps the Allies With the Lend-Lease Act
America Moves Closer Toward War
The United States Helps the Allies With the Lend-Lease Act
The Atlantic Charter Outlines Mutual Goals
U.S. Navy Battles German U-Boats

29. How much Lend-Lease aid did the United States give the Allies by the end of 1941?
Why did the United States give more aid to the British Empire than to the Soviet Union?

30. Why was Roosevelt’s “Quarantine” speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time?
Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe.
Many Americans feared that he was bringing the country closer to another war in Europe.
Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese.
Many Americans favored a strong interventionist foreign policy regarding the situation in Europe and Asia.
2. Many Americans feared that he was bringing the country
closer to another war in Europe.

31. 4. the British Royal Air Force
What ultimately prevented the Nazis from conquering Great Britain in 1940?
the Munich Pact
the Maginot Line
the Allied naval forces
the British Royal Air Force
4. the British Royal Air Force

32. How did the Neutrality Act of 1939 differ from the previous Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in 1935, 1936, and 1937?
It instituted a ‘peacetime draft’ to strengthen the nation’s armed forces in case of attack.
It prevented Americans from making loans or sending aid to belligerents or nations at war.
It allowed for the deployment of U.S. forces when U.S. mercantile interests were threatened.
It had a provision allowing the sale of goods and weapons to countries at war on a ‘cash-and-carry’ basis.
4. It had a provision allowing the sale of goods and weapons to
countries at war on a ‘cash-and-carry’ basis.

33. the Selective Service Act
Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers?
the Tripartite Pact
the Lend-Lease Act
the Atlantic Charter
the Selective Service Act
2. the Lend-Lease Act