1. The Circulatory System
Chapter 13.4

2. Introduction to the Circulatory System
Circulation is the continuous one-way movement of the blood throughout the body
All systems and organs depend on the circulatory system
Arteries carry oxygen and nutrients to each cell
Veins carry away the cell’s waste product
If circulation is not adequate, cells die.

3. Introduction to the Circulatory System
When cells die, tissues begin to die, and the organs stop working properly.
This may cause the entire system to stop functioning

4. Kinds of blood vessels
Arteries: carry blood from the lower chambers of the heart to all parts of the body
Arteries carry oxygenated blood with the exception of the pulmonary artery
The pulmonary artery carries un-oxygenated blood
Arterioles are small arteries that connect arteries with capillaries

5. Kinds of blood vessels
Capillaries: have very thin walls that allow nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to move in and out of the blood
Venules: small veins that connect veins to capillaries
Veins: carry blood from all the different parts of the body and return it to the heart.
Veins carry un-oxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary vein

6. Kinds of blood vessels The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood
Veins have valves that aid in the returning of the blood to the heart

7. The heart
The heart is the pump that forces blood throughout the entire body
The outside of the heart is primarily made of muscle and the inside is divided into four hollow chamber
The heart wall is made of three different layers:
Endocardium-smooth inside lining of the heart
Myocardium-the thickest layer and is made up of muscle
Pericardium-double membrane that lines the outside of the heart

8. The heart The inside of the heart is divided into four chambers:
Right atrium receives un-oxygenated blood from the veins
Right ventricle receives blood from the the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle
Left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta. The aorta delivers the blood throughout the entire body

9. The heart
Veins separate the chambers in the heart from the vessels leaving the heart
Tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It closes when the right ventricle pumps blood out of the heart.
This keeps blood from flowing back into the right atrium
The pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It closes after blood from the right….

10. The heart Ventricle has been pushed into the pulmonary artery.
The mitral valve (bicuspid valve) is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium
The aortic semilunar valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta
It stops blood from returning to the left ventricle after it has been forced into the aorta

11. Sources
Badasch, S. A., & Chesebro, D. S. (2011). Asepsis and Standard Precautions. In Health Science Fundamentals: Exploring Career Pathways (1st ed., Revised , pp ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.