1. Skin Structure
The Epidermis

3. What is the epidermis? This is the top layer of skin
Made up of 5 different layers each one has its own function
Main function is to protect the deeper living structures from invasion and harm from the external environment

4. Each layer can be recognised by their different shape and function.
Over about 4 weeks the cells move from the bottom layer to the top layer
As they move through each layer they change shape and have a different function

5. Horny layer Also known as the stratum corneum
This is the layer you look at
These cells are dead and flat
Thickness varies

6. Clear layer Also known as the stratum lucidum
Made of dead, flat, clear cells
Only present where there is a lot of friction
Found on soles of feet and palms of hand

7. The Granular layer Also known as the stratum granulosum
Cells in this layer are changing – look like granules
Cells finish hardening they are now keratin

8. The Prickle layer Also known as the stratum spinosum
Cells in this layer have spines or prickles
Keratinisation starts – cells harden and flatten

9. The Basal Layer Also known as Stratum Germinativum Bottom layer
Cells begin life in this area.
Process is called mitosis (cell division)
Fed from the dermis below
Cells must push upwards from here

10. Melanin Produced by cells called melanocytes Gives skin its colour
Protects against UV rays – tanning
The amount will depend on race

11. Keratin Fibrous protein
Found in tissues like outer layers of skin, hair and nails
This is the tough guy with a soft heart
Hard keratin protects
Soft keratin allows things to be supple