1. Healthy Mouths for under 12s
NHS
Healthy Mouths for under 12s
Today we are going to talk about how to keep your teeth and mouths healthy.

2. Eruption Dates Tooth Lower Upper 1st incisor 6 - 7 years 7 - 8 years
2nd incisor
7 – 8 years
8 – 9 years
Canine
9 – 10 years
11 – 12 years
1st Premolar
9 – 12 years
2nd Premolar
10 – 12 years
1st Molar
6 – 7 years
2nd Molar
11 – 13 years
3 rd Molars
17 – 21 years
The teeth may cause a bit of discomfort.
The teeth will not be as white as the ones they’ve replaced.
The front ones are also bigger than those they have replaced. It takes a while for the jaw to catch up growing so there can be a bit of crowding at first.

3. Tooth decay … …is one of the most common childhood diseases
…it can be stopped
Tooth decay
is one of the most common childhood diseases...
but it can be stopped

4. We use our teeth to Eat Smile Talk We use our teeth to
Eat – biting and chewing
Smile – keeps our mouth the correct shape
Talk – we use our teeth to talk

5. Tooth decay
Tooth decay, or holes in the teeth, is a serious dental condition that can start as soon as the 1st tooth appears.
Once you get a hole in a tooth it can get worse quickly if you don’t see a dentist about it.
occasionally tooth decay can cause pain.
Children who have really bad tooth decay occasionally have to go into hospital for an operation to take out the bad teeth that are causing them so much pain.

6. Tooth decay in children
Healthy teeth
Starts as whitish lines
across the gum
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Becomes brown or yellow spots along the gum line
If not treated leads to
really bad decay
Healthy teeth look like this.
Tooth decay starts as white marks or lines that …
gradually become larger, turning yellow or brown. These marks appear on the front or back smooth surfaces of the tooth near the gum line or between the teeth. The top front teeth are usually affected first then the first molars. The front teeth at the bottom are not usually affected by tooth decay.
As the tooth decay gets worse the enamel that protects the teeth starts to break down. If your baby or young child doesn’t like to bite or chew hard foods, or if they cry when they have hot or cold food or drink, then they could have sensitive teeth, which is a sign of tooth decay. If your child is cranky, is in pain, or has a fever or facial swelling, they could have an infection from tooth decay. But tooth decay is not always painful and sometimes the disease is not found until the decay is really serious. If your child has tooth decay it is really important to get treatment and help straight away.

7. How Teeth Decay
The white sticky layer that builds on teeth is called plaque. There are lots of good bacteria (which are minute bugs) on our mouths but loads of bad bacteria that can damage our teeth.
The bad bacteria in our plaque eat the sugar that we take and change it into acid.
This acid eats away at our teeth and causes holes in them. These holes are called decay.

8. What can cause tooth decay?
There are two main things that can cause tooth decay in children:
eating and drinking lots of sugary snacks and drinks in between meals; and
not brushing their teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.

9. ‘Occasional’ food & drinks
Sugary and sticky foods and sweets are foods that can be eaten ‘occasional’, not like ‘everyday’ foods that can be eaten all the time.
‘occasional’ food includes: cakes, biscuits, lollies, chocolate, muesli bars, fruit bars.
‘occasional’ sweet drinks include fruit juice, cordial and fizzy / soft drinks. Sugary drinks are really bad for teeth especially when they are sipped slowly, or when they are swished or swilled before swallowing.
Save the ‘occasional’ food and drinks for special occasions (like birthday parties).
Labelling can be confusing: ‘low sugar’ may simply mean that the product contains less sugar than the standard product and ‘no added sugar’ may be sweetened with concentrated fruit juices or fructose. Other words may be used to describe ingredients that are harmful to teeth: glucose, glucose syrup, fructose, concentrated fruit juice, sucrose, dextrose, honey, invert sugar, maltose and hydrolysed starch. In general items listed ending in ‘ose’ are sugars; for example, sucrose, glucose and fructose.

10. How can I prevent tooth decay and keep my mouth healthy?
Eat well
Drink well
Clean well
Play well
Stay well
We need to care of our teeth by the 5 things; eat well, drink well, clean well, play well and stay well.

11. Eat well
Eat lots of different healthy foods at meal times.

12. Healthy Diet
Examples of healthy food – it contains food from all the major food groups
Fresh fruit
Vegetables – fresh, steamed, grilled
Grains or cereals such as rice, noodles, pasta, wholegrain bread, crumpets, crackers, low sugar cereals,
Cheese
Lean meat, fish, baked beans
Water and plain milk
Examples of food to beware
Limit
sweet and sticky snacks such as chocolate and sugar confectionary, cakes and sweet biscuits, buns, high sugar puddings, sugared breakfast cereals, jams, honey and dried fruit.
fruit juice and other sweet drinks such as fizzy drinks, sports drinks, sugar containing milk drinks, sugar-containing alcoholic drinks and cordial.
fatty foods such as crisps, ice cream and chips.

13. Effect of sugar on the teeth6 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 A M P
(Acid levels in the mouth over 24 hours)
Morning
Acid
Neutral
Afternoon
tea
lunch
breakfast
Bacteria break down sugars to produce acids which dissolves the teeth and can lead to decay. It is not the amount of sugar per se, it is the frequency of eating or drinking sugary snacks that causes the damage.
As a result the amount and the frequency of sugar eaten or drunk is vital to whether you have dental decay or not. Snacks and sticky, sweet food are best eaten with meals and not between.

14. (Acid levels in the mouth over 24 hours)
Eating Pattern Bad for Teeth
Morning
Acid
Neutral
(Acid levels in the mouth over 24 hours)
Afternoon 6 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 A M P
tea
lunch
breakfast
sugar snack
The more often we eat sugary snacks, the more acid is produced and the less the time for the teeth to recover

15. Safe Snacks Sarah McKay, Westmead Hospital 2008 15
You need about 5 or 6 small, mini-meals every day.
Eat healthy snacks in-between meals like cheese, vegetable sticks, fresh fruit, yoghurt, wholegrain sandwiches and soups.
Sarah McKay, Westmead Hospital 2008 15

16. Drink well Drink well: drink tap water in-between meals.
We can’t always brush our teeth during the day – so rinse your mouth out with tap water after lunch, to help stop tooth decay.

17. Drink well Drink well: You should only have water in-between meals
It is very dangerous to carry round fizzy or sugary drinks in drinking bottles. It encourages drinking often and small amounts so a lot of acid is attacking the teeth. It is best to carry water in them.

18. Clean well
Clean well:
Clean them twice a day using a small, soft headed brush to remove plaque. Brushing last thing at night is vital. The brush should be a manual one with round end filaments. Or a powered toothbrush with a rotating head that moves back and forth. The brush should be replaced every 3 months and each person should have their own to prevent infection being transferred.
Start using a small amount (about the size of a pea) of fluoride toothpaste with more than 1350 parts per million. This should be on the toothpaste tube.
Do not wet the brush before adding the toothpaste.
You should spit out the toothpaste but do not rinse.
Talk to your dental health professional if you are worried about your teeth and tooth decay.
Get your Mum or Dad to help you brush if you are under 8

19. 1 2 4 3
Start with the toothbrush at an angle of 45O to the teeth with the bristles contacting the tooth surface and the gum line.
2. Gently brush the outer surfaces of the teeth using small circular motions. Move the brush to the next 2-3 teeth and repeat. Work slowly round the mouth in a systematic fashion overlapping each area keeping the bristles angled at 45O to the gum line. Repeat for the inside surfaces. (If you are using an electric, hold the brush at the gum line and let it do the work.)
3. Place the brush against the biting surfaces of the teeth and use a gentle back and forth scrubbing motion.
4. Tilt the brush vertically behind the front teeth. Make several small circular strokes using the front half of the brush.
With thanks to Pierre Fabre Oral Care for use of the pictures.

20. Use an electric in the same way

21. Gum Disease Gum disease is another disease that you can prevent.
Plaque builds up around the teeth. If this is not brushed off the gums can swell and bleed.
The whole tooth needs brushing down to the gum.

22. Change your brush every 3 months
You should change your brush when it starts to look like the green one.
You should not share a brush as bacteria can go into your mouth from the brush
And don’t share

23. Stay well
Stay well:
Dental professionals often don’t see children until they are in pain, they have infections, or they have holes in their teeth.
You should have regular check ups to spot decay or any problems early.
Choose sugar-free medicine for your child—get advice from a doctor or chemist.

24. Your dental health Go to the dentist Brush Drink water
Eat healthy food
You need to look after your dental health:
Always have regular dental checkups to keep your teeth and gums healthy.
Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and clean between your teeth with floss or toothpicks. Food can get stuck between your teeth when you eat. Just brushing your teeth doesn’t always get all of the food out. If food is left stuck between your teeth it rots and causes tooth decay.
Drink plenty of water, especially tap water that is fluoridated.
Eat healthy food and remember if you snack on sugary food and drinks to rinse out with water after.

25. Let’s work together
Dental decay is a preventable disease, let’s work together to stop you from getting tooth decay:
eat plenty of healthy food and drinks every day
drink water in between meals
clean your teeth and gums twice a day with fluoride toothpaste