1. Irony & Satire.
Whee.

2. Irony.
It’s hard to define “irony” because there are many different kinds.
Many of the things you think are ironic probably aren’t.

3. The 3 Types of Irony
IRONY OF SITUATION: An unexpected outcome occurs and creates shock, humor, or both. Irony of situation in novels can apply to events, situations, and structure.
DRAMATIC IRONY: a situation where the reader/audience is aware of something that the characters do not know. Dramatic irony creates suspense, horror, or humor.
VERBAL IRONY: a situation where actual words spoken or written are intended to have the opposite meaning. Verbal irony deals with nuance and requires careful reading with intelligence and sophistication.

4. How Irony is Achieved. There are 5 Main Techniques:
EXAGGERATED QUALIFIERS (hyperbole, understatement, sarcasm)
INFLATED DICTION (“employed my fancy,” “a vein of parsimony”)
CONVOLUTED, PARENTHETICAL SENTENCE STRUCTURE WITH EXCESSIVE RESTRICTIVE AND NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES, PARALLEL CONSTRUCTIONS, OR TRIPLE PARALLELS (“This nymph, to the destruction of mankind,/Nourished two locks, which graceful hung behind/Th’ adventurous Baron the bright locks admired;/He saw, he wished, and to the prize aspired.”)

5. …continued…
4. APPEAL TO AUTHORITY: SCIENTIFIC, PHILOSOPHICAL, FOREIGN TERMINOLOGY - This great cavity was filled with a kind of spongy substance, which the French anatomists called galimatias, and the English nonsense. - “He and his six amis had come to the New World to gain glorie and bonneur through noveaux exploits despite les dangers, but instead got lost…” (Garrison Keillor).

6. … and continued.
5. THE ‘BARB’ OR GIVEWAY LINE HELD TO THE END OF THE PARAGRAPH: “I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children” (Jonathan Swift).

7. Satire Satire is the act of ridiculing human vices and follies.
It comes from the Greek word satura meaning “medley” or “mixture of things.”
The purpose, usually, is to criticize in order to improve either human institutions or humanity.

8. 3 Kinds of Satire INVECTIVE: satire through attack
SARCASM: attacking on a personal or ill-humored level
JEREMIAD: lamenting over the state of a society in decline.
HORATIAN SATIRE is gentle, urbane, smiling.
JUVENALIAN SATIRE is biting, bitter, angry.

9. Methods of Creating Satire
IRONY
BURLESQUE (comedy using ridiculous exaggeration)
PARODY (mocking imitation)
MOCKERY (subject of scorn, laughter, ridicule)
SARCASM (praise to personally mock someone; “tear flesh”)
INVECTIVE (attack)
INNUENDO (insinuation or indirect suggestion; often harmful connotation)
UNDERSTATEMENT (form of irony; purposely represent something as less than it is)
HYPERBOLE (conscious exaggeration)
BATHOS (move from sublime to ridiculous quickly)

10. Examples are fun! Bratz dolls Teacher Center Girls/Genocide
“How to Write a Political Poem”
A Modest Proposal